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The authors analyze white matter alterations in bipolar II depression, revealing significant correlations with inflammation and psychiatric symptoms. These findings suggest that childhood emotional maltreatment may exacerbate these effects and offer insights into potential therapeutic targets.

McGavern and colleagues identified a CD8⁺ T cell population that expresses GZMK in ʽtau-richʼ brains, where it may play a protective role against neurodegeneration.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Cytoskeletal breakdown is a hallmark of synapse elimination. Here, the authors show that a post-translational modification on microtubules encodes activity-dependent signals instructing neuronal remodeling in the central and peripheral nervous system.

How the primate brain encodes socially relevant body poses remains unclear. Using keypoint-based modeling, the authors reveal fine-grained pose tuning in Superior Temporal Sulcus neurons, alongside region-specific sensitivity to viewpoint.

Cell migration in confined environments is initiated by a cytoplasmic pool of anillin and Ect2 that promotes RhoA/myosin II-mediated activation at the poles of migrating cells, in a process dependent on the extracellular environment stiffness.

Martin-Valiente, Du et al. generate a zebrafish model of vein of Galen aneurysm, reproducing the disease’s structural features and revealing its developmental origin. By pharmacologically targeting MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways in mutant models, they restore normal fusion of precursor blood vessels in existing malformations.

Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is a rare and aggressive paediatric brain tumour. Here, the authors analyse intratumour heterogeneity and the tumour microenvironment in ETMR using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, in vitro cultures, and a 3D forebrain organoid model, finding important aspects – such as the communication with pericytes – for ETMR development and response to therapy.

Here the authors show that CD4⁺ effector T cells prevent or reverse CD8⁺ T cell dysfunction by licensing Kupffer cells to trigger IL-27 production, defining a liver-specific immune circuit and a potential target for chronic HBV therapeutics.

This study demonstrates that high alcohol concentrations during binge drinking activate a small GABAergic neuronal ensemble in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, which subsequently reduces further alcohol consumption. This effect is mediated by the ensemble’s projections to the mediodorsal thalamus.

Pampols-Perez et al. identify the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO2 as a novel marker for embryonic coronary artery endothelial cells and as a critical regulator of coronary vascular remodeling. They show that in a distinct subset of coronary endothelial cells, PIEZO2 translates mechanically activated ionic currents into biological signals guiding coronary artery morphogenesis.

Most metabolic studies using traditional procedures fail to reveal the spatial patterning associated with metabolic flux and cellular metabolism within tissue microenvironments. Here, the authors show the application of multi-scale microscopy, machine learning-based image segmentation and spatial analysis to map the fate of nutrient-derived ¹³C across spatiotemporal scales.

Human gut bacteria bioaccumulate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly known as forever chemicals, in intracellular aggregates. Colonization of gnotobiotic mice with bioaccumulating bacteria increases faecal PFAS excretion.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

Multifunctional polyketide synthases (PKSs) can be an attractive platform for biomanufacturing. Here, the authors report an automated retrobiosynthesis tool, BioPKS pipeline, that integrates the design of PKSs with enzymatic chemistry to propose biosynthetic routes.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) cellular activity requires endosomal escape. Here, the authors show that disrupting Golgi-endosome protein AP1M1 enhances ASO activity by prolonging ASO endosomal residence and increasing the likelihood of endosomal escape.

In a 6-week randomized phase 1 trial, tirzepatide led to reduced caloric intake during a meal test at week 3 compared with placebo and liraglutide in people with overweight or obesity.

A population genomic analysis of 1,854 Listeria soil isolates collected across the contiguous United States identifies geographically prevalent phylogroups with increased pangenome openness and recombination, as a result of adaptation to variable environments.

Macrophage-augmented organoids integrate macrophages into organoids that are cultured from human liver tissue for analysis of immune responses during three different viral infections.

Saccadic eye movements sample the visual world, but the retinal motion they entail goes unnoticed. This study shows that lawful saccade kinematics predict motion visibility, omitting saccade-like motion while preserving sensitivity to high speed.

An interpretability framework that compares how humans and deep neural networks process images has been presented. Their findings reveal that, unlike humans, deep neural networks focus more on visual properties than semantic ones, highlighting divergent representational strategies.

Epithelial sealing is a fundamental process in animal development and wound healing. Here the authors show that a transient contractile seam in the freshly sealed epidermis generates forces promoting tissue zippering during Drosophila dorsal closure.

The generation of spatiotemporal optical vortices in the extreme-ultraviolet regime is demonstrated via high harmonic generation. Topologically coupled at the nanometre and attosecond domains, these light beams are attractive for exploring electronic dynamics in magnetic materials, chiral media and nanostructures.

Land use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity change and ecosystem functioning. Here the authors identify thresholds of grassland plant community structure and stability in response to land use intensification.

Artificial intelligence (AI) system is known to improve dermatologists’ diagnostic accuracy for melanoma. This group applies the eye-tracking technology on dermatologists when diagnosing dermoscopic images of melanomas and reports improved balanced diagnostic accuracy when using an X(explainable) AI system comparing to the standard one.

In a mouse model, maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to fatty liver disease in the offspring, driven by aberrant developmental programming of Kuppfer cells.

A common but untested expectation is that nutrient enrichment causes biotic homogenization. However, a globally standardized nutrient addition experiment in grasslands shows proportionally similar species loss across scales and no biotic homogenization after up to 14 years of treatment.

Martín-Arana et al. present a highly sensitive tumor-agnostic assay to detect minimal residual disease based on whole-exome sequencing of longitudinal circulating tumor DNA samples from persons with relapsed colon cancer and on genomic data from metastases.

A study demonstrates a public generator of random numbers based on device-independent techniques, with the randomness being fully auditable and traceable.

Arya et al. report that migrating neutrophils resolve acute inflammation by releasing exosomes associated with nuclear DNA. This process is distinct from the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, and relies on the lamin B receptor.

Blood phosphorylated (p)-tau 181 and p-tau 217 have been proposed as accurate biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Here, the authors find p-tau 181 and 217 are elevated in serum and muscle of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Efficient hydrogen production is a major societal challenge. Here the authors use operando neutron diffraction to quantitatively support the operating principle of a memory reactor that allows super-equilibrium operation of the water–gas shift reaction, which can also be used for steam methane reforming.

Selecting for varieties of commercial crops with enhanced nutritional quality is important in agriculture. Here, the authors identify alleles of a gene in tomatoes that give rise to increased levels of vitamin E and find that the promoter of the gene is differentially methylated.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

Leydig cells are essential for male sexual development, but their developmental origins are not fully established. Here, authors map early developmental stages of fetal Leydig cells in mice, revealing critical genetic factors that guide their maturation and function.

In this Review, the authors present a roadmap towards achieving consensus on development, analysis and interpretation of single-cell transcriptomics data in adipose tissue, including discussion of roadblocks, best practices and ideal cell-type markers for annotation of adipose tissue cell types in mice and humans.

Here the authors identify hundreds of genetic loci linked to 36 traits in East Asians, revealing population-specific associations and emphasizing the importance of diverse ancestry groups in genome-wide association studies.

Spotiflow uses deep learning for subpixel-accurate spot detection in diverse 2D and 3D images. The improved accuracy offered by Spotiflow enables improved biological insights in both iST and live imaging experiments.

Relapsed and/or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) postallogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has limited treatment options. Here the authors report the clinical results and immune correlates of a phase I/II trial of adoptively transferred virus-specific donor CD8 + T cells engineered to express a WT1-specific T cell receptor in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and active disease post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) critically modulate innate immunity. Here the authors show in cancer cells that interferon responses and anti-tumor immunity activated by dsRNA-induced PRR signaling is enhanced by palbociclib-induced ER stress, with epigenetic changes and altered antigen presentation potentially contributing to this effect.

Dynamic nanodomains in lead halide perovskites, dictated by A-site cations, crucially affect the optoelectronic properties by modulating electronic disorder and consequently enabling better solar cells and optoelectronic devices.

Nonselective engagement of GPCR signaling pathways by GPCR-targeting drugs can reduce treatment efficacy and cause side effects. The authors show that signaling selectivity in CB2R can be tuned by reshaping allosteric networks, offering insights for more precise therapies.

Hybridizations between different wild species and subspecies within Musa genus lead to the origin of current banana cultivars with different ploidy level and constitution. Here, the authors assemble seven genomes from different ancestral genetic groups and show the speciation process is accompanied by chromosome rearrangements.

Goede et al. combined multiple modalities to define a common tremor network across disorders. This finding may help optimize deep brain stimulation and guide future noninvasive therapies.

This study reveals prior undetected transmission events of Corynebacterium ulcerans, suggesting pets play an intermediary role between wildlife and humans. Two main sublineages were identified, showing high positivity rates for the diphtheria toxin.