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Species with low genetic diversity have limited capacity to adapt to environmental change. This study finds that the skin microbiome and non-genetic (epigenetic) modifications of the DNA represent additional sources of variation that could help low diversity fish survive environmental challenges.

The impact of ocean warming on fish size structure is debated. Here, the authors test mass scaling of metabolism and swimming performance of fish across different water temperatures and regions, suggesting that resource-acquisition explains size reduction due to ocean warming.

A well-preserved 319-million-year-old brain of the extinct vertebrate Coccocephalus wildi provides insights into neural anatomy deep within the phylogeny of ray-finned fish.

Recognising cross-ecosystem linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is vital for sustainable management and conservation of freshwater biota. Here, the authors show that land use activities are strongly linked to the reliance of benthic and pelagic consumers on terrestrial energy sources in boreal lake food webs.

The density of commercially important fish and invertebrate species is influenced by the geomorphic mangrove type, salinity, temperature, and length of mangrove forest edge, according to an analysis of fish and invertebrate density data from published field studies.

This Article presents the results of a global multi-laboratory study assessing the effects of housing conditions and experimental settings on novel tank test responses in adult zebrafish.

Large-scale phylogenetic analysis of coral reef fish species shows that functional traits evolve fastest in those at high and low trophic levels with narrow diet breadth.

Cooperative species of extrachromosomal DNAs are coordinately inherited through mitotic co-segregation.

Genomes and transcriptomes of five distinct lineages of African cichlids, a textbook example of adaptive radiation, have been sequenced and analysed to reveal that many types of molecular changes contributed to rapid evolution, and that standing variation accumulated during periods of relaxed selection may have primed subsequent diversification.

Combining pantropical fish community surveys with bioenergetic models has revealed the global distribution of reef-fish ecosystem functions, and that trade-offs linked to demographic and trophic structure prevent any community from maximizing all functions simultaneously.

Multiomic analysis of blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms identifies a chromosome 21 amplicon harboring DYRK1A as a clonal and therapeutically targetable event in around a quarter of cases.

Neurons in cochlear nucleus are highly specialized for neural coding of sounds. Here, authors show all cochlear nucleus cell types are defined by distinct transcriptomic profiles, thus uncovering the molecular logic driving cellular specialization.

Targeting a non-natural micropeptide ‘killswitch’ to several biomolecular condensates altered condensate compositions and revealed condensate functions in human cells

This study explores the impact of mood and individual differences on trading off between possible rewards and checking for the presence for threat and escaping to safety in a gamified foraging task.

Application of multiplexed RNA in situ mapping techniques to human tissues remains challenging. Here, the authors report DART-FISH, a padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling large numbers of genes in centimetre-sized human tissue sections.

Arctic lakes and their resident fish species are warming rapidly. Geospatial analysis of Canadian Arctic lakes predicts a 20% increase in lake trout productivity by 2050 and a 29% increase in harvestable biomass across an expanded range.

Christopher Golden and colleagues calculate that declining numbers of marine fish will spell more malnutrition in many developing nations.

How signaling pathways recruit SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes is not known. Here the authors suggest a ubiquitin directed mechanism targeting SWI/SNF for Wnt pathway dependent transcription, important for development and cancer.

A global multi-taxon extinction risk assessment of freshwater fauna for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species finds one-quarter of species to be at high risk of extinction.

Lovett-Barron et al. register in situ gene expression to cellular-level neural dynamics in behaving zebrafish and find threat-selective populations spanning multiple hypothalamic peptidergic neuron classes, which converge on brainstem defensive action premotor neurons.

Dietary fructose enhances tumour growth in animal models of melanoma, breast cancer and cervical cancer indirectly via metabolite transfer.

Sustaining tropical reefs in the Anthropocene is a vital challenge. This study proposes guiding regional conservation on the basis of ecological processes and finds that the biomass and productivity of reef fish provide complementary information for management.

States at the United Nations have begun negotiating a new treaty to strengthen the legal regime for marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Failure to ensure the full scope of fish biodiversity is covered could result in thousands of species continuing to slip through the cracks of a fragmented global ocean governance framework.

Governments and businesses are beginning to account for natural capital, but must collaborate to promote sustainability, combat climate change and improve decision-making.

FOS has been linked to bone tumour pathogenesis, and viral homologue v-fos causes osteosarcoma in mice. Here, the authors report rearrangement of FOS and its paralogue FOSB in osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma, revealing human bone tumours that are defined by mutations of FOS and FOSB.

Lightning Pose is an efficient pose estimation approach that requires few labeled training data owing to its semi-supervised learning strategy and ensembling.

Schistosomes undergo several develepmental stages during infection of humans. Here, the authors perform single-cell RNA sequencing on the earliest intra-mammalian stage of Schistosoma mansoni and generate a comprehensive cell-type atlas for this human parasite.

In Drosophila, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed most highly in male germline cells. Here the authors report the subcellular distributions of approximately 600 Drosophila lncRNAs in male reproductive tissues, indicating potential involvement in spermatogenesis, fertility and evolution.

Models typically used to analyse climate–economy interactions have paradoxically ignored much of nature’s value. A new study explicitly addresses this issue and reveals feedback loops between nature and the climate system that make climate change more costly.

The archaeological site Shinfa-Metema 1 in the lowlands of northwest Ethiopia provides early evidence of intensive riverine-based foraging aided by the likely adoption of the bow and arrow.

Combining rabies-based connectomics with single-nucleus transcriptomics, the authors identify a neural circuit through which GLP-1 receptor agonists suppress appetite in mice.

A conserved feature of metazoan meiosis is that it occurs in a syncytium. Here, the authors show that intercellular bridges that connect germ cells in a syncytium are critical for ensuring proper meiotic progression and fertility in male mice.

Asymmetric inheritance of organelles, proteins and RNAs occurs during stem cell division. Here the authors show the strength of pairing of homologous Stat92E loci, a stem cell-specific gene, changes immediately after the asymmetric division due to asymmetric inheritance of new histones to one of the daughter cells and is important for turning off gene expression in this cell as it differentiates.

The authors used deep metric learning to characterize 650 neuroactive compounds by zebrafish behavioral profiles. After redesigning a large screen to overcome AI/ML shortcut learning, zebrafish behavioral similarity found compounds acting on the same human receptors as structurally dissimilar drugs.

Complete sequences of chromosomes telomere-to-telomere from chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan and siamang provide a comprehensive and valuable resource for future evolutionary comparisons.

Skeletal muscle cells contain hundreds of nuclei, but can also add new nuclei in response to various stimuli. Here, the authors perform lineage tracing on the newly fused nuclei showing that these exhibit unique transcriptional states depending on the stimulus.

Agroecological principles emphasize a holistic approach to food systems transformation but rarely consider water or aquatic foods. This Perspective explores how agroecological principles could be modified to increase the prominence of water and aquatic foods in future agroecological discourse and action.

The majority of scoliosis is considered idiopathic with onset in adolescence (AIS) and has a genetic contribution. Here, the authors perform an exome wide association study of data from 457 severe AIS cases and 987 controls, and find a missense variant in SLC39A8 is associated with AIS.

At a time when protecting the environment is urgent, dealing with inherent uncertainties in the responses of biodiversity to disturbances is essential. This study promotes a promising tool to assess the vulnerability of species assemblages to guide protection efforts even if species response and disturbance regimes are poorly documented.

Here, Bhat et al. show that Influenza A virus mRNAs are exported from the nucleus via the nucleoporin Tpr and the mRNA export complex TREX-2. These mRNAs have low exon number, high mean exon length, and low GC content. A 45-nucleotide RNA signal can mediate export via TREX-2.

Key innovations are traits that trigger the rapid evolution of new species occupying novel niches. Fresh genetic evidence reveals that the modified throat jaws of some fishes, thought to be a textbook example of key innovation, have a complex history that does not fit the classic definition.

Jeppesen, Sanchez et al. identify blebbisomes as large membrane-enclosed vesicles containing organelles and secreted by cells. Blebbisomes can both secrete and internalize exosomes and microvesicles.

Optical aberrations can hinder fluorescence imaging of thick samples, reducing image signal, contrast, and resolution. Here, the authors introduce a deep learning-based strategy for aberration compensation, improving image quality without slowing image acquisition or introducing more optics.