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Redox signalling is emerging as an important regulator of metabolism and physiology, which is dysregulated in ageing and disease. Here, the authors show that redox regulation of a key redox sensitive cysteine in Atg4a induces autophagy in vivo and extends lifespan in female Drosophila.

Gas adsorption in porous materials offers an alternative technology for efficient hydrogen isotope separation. Here, the authors report high separation efficiency through isotopologue-induced structural dynamics in a readily scalable manganese-triazole metal-organic framework.

KtrAB is a major potassium uptake system that has been linked to the pathogenesis of many infectious bacteria. Here the authors show that KtrB from Vibrio alginolyticus contains an intrinsically disordered N-terminus that is key to its regulation.

Proteins with small structural modifications at specific sites are valuable, yet challenging to access by chemical methods. Now, tyrosine-selective single-atom modifications on proteins have been achieved by C–H functionalization using a rationally designed selenoxide to introduce a versatile selenonium linchpin for further transformations.

Lymphostatin is a large protein required for Escherichia coli virulence. Here, Griessmann et al. use electron cryo-microscopy to describe the structure of lymphostatin determined at different pH values, showing three conformations, six distinct domains, and long inter-___domain linkers that occlude the catalytic sites of the N-terminal glycosyltransferase and protease domains.

This study integrates a nitrite-adsorbing ionophore into a copper/carbon nanotube electrified membrane, enabling ultrafast and highly selective ammonia production from low-concentration nitrate in real water sources. This cooperative adsorption approach tunes the local catalyst environment to achieve high activity, selectivity and stability without using precious metals or complex synthesis methods.

The hybridization thermodynamics of programmable DNA nanostructures forming metastable loop structures on RNA generate distinct electrical signals during translocation through solid-state nanopores, enabling the identification of single-base alterations.

Animals alternate between active periods and periods of rest or sleep. This study in fruit flies points to brain metabolism as a cause for this and shows that a network of glial cells interacting with neurons links brain function with the need for rest and sleep.

Stable coating of filters with a thin liquid layer enhances adhesion of airborne particulates while maintaining high air permeability, resulting in longer lifetimes and higher efficiency of these filters.

Membrane lipid packing, influenced by cholesterol, lipid chain length, and saturation, regulates the affinity of biomolecular condensates, enhancing their interactions with less ordered membranes and driving membrane remodeling, including nanotube and double-membrane sheet formation.

A scintillating pulsar has revealed 25 plasma structures in the Local Bubble of our Galaxy, including four linked to the pulsar’s bow shock. The findings can be linked to create a three-dimensional model of the shock and uncover turbulence-driven plasma density fluctuations.

Superlattices, with a length scale and structure that differs from the parent lattice of the host material, are well-known to allow for remarkable new electronic and magnetic properties. Here, Xie et al. synthesize Cr_1/4TaS₂, and find that it exhibits an unusual anomalous Hall effect below the Néel temperature even in stoichiometric high-quality crystals.

MethyLYZR, an epigenetic classifier of brain tumors, provides clinically relevant cancer classification results within 15 min of sequencing, with potential applications for neurosurgical intraoperative use.

Chemoselective dual functionalization of proteins is an invaluable tool to introduce two distinct payloads to proteins. Here, the authors present N-alkylpyridinium reagents as soft electrophiles for chemoselective dual modification of cysteine residues in peptides or proteins via a 1,6-addition reaction.

The coupling of defect centers in hBN to phonons has been mostly studied using optical techniques. Here, the authors use a method based on incorporation of electron-driven photon sources in an electron microscope to probe ultrafast dynamics of quantum emitters in hBN, with a dephasing time of less than 200 fs.

The Mass Spectrometry Query Language (MassQL) is an open-source language that enables instrument-independent searching across mass spectrometry data for complex patterns of interest via concise and expressive queries without the need for programming skills.

Here the authors investigate the regulatory mechanisms of acetyl-CoA (Ac-CoA) biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis, probing the interaction between acetyl-CoA synthetase (AcsA) and acetyltransferase (AcuA). They capture a stable AcsA-AcuA complex that inhibits AcsA activity in the absence of Ac-CoA.

Precision measurement of the dynamical magnetoelectric coupling in an exfoliated van der Waals multiferroic shows a giant natural optical activity at terahertz frequencies.

With-No-lysine (K) kinase 1 (WNK1) is an atypical serine-threonine kinase that has been implicated in ion transport. Here, the authors show that WNK1 regulates amino acid transport and mTORC1 activity, and that the axis is a vulnerability for acute myeloid leukemia

The cerebellum is heavily implicated in adult social cognition, but its role in Theory of Mind development remains unclear. Here, the authors show that children’s emerging ToM abilities are linked to posterior cerebellar activation and connectivity with the cerebral cortex.

Kinase inhibitors are key in cancer therapy, but resistance limits their efficacy. Here, the authors develop SPIED-DIA, a phosphoproteomics method enhancing detection of key phosphorylation sites. They reveal a synergistic MEK-JNK signaling response in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy.

The neural mechanisms that underlie temporal predictions remain unclear. Here the authors show that humans estimate the probability density of anticipated sensory events and represent this key variable in posterior parietal and motor cortical areas.

Adult zebrafish are capable of heart regeneration, but how the collagenous injury site is replaced remains unclear. Here they provide an in-depth analysis of cardiomyocyte protrusion during zebrafish cardiac regeneration and highlight the role of macrophages and Mmp14b in ECM remodeling to support replacement of injured tissue with new cardiomyocytes.

Sadhu et al. identify and functionally validate ferredoxin-1 (FDX1) as a determinant of cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular risk in Asian populations.

The mechanisms driving epithelial regeneration in the colon are not well understood. Here, the authors show that IFN-γ, produced by immune cells in response to chemically induced colitis, acts as a central driver of crypt reorganization by inducing apoptosis and extrusion of BMP2-expressing colonocytes.

Here the authors demonstrate that the assembly of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplex (III₂–IV) from Toxoplasma gondii is critical for parasite fitness. They reveal the basis for cytochrome b inhibition by atovaquone and improved ELQ inhibitors.

Equivariant neural networks are state-of-the-art for machine learning-driven molecular dynamics (MD) simulations but have high computational cost. Here, the authors develop a Euclidean transformer that balances accuracy, stability, and speed, enabling stable long-timescale simulations of complex molecules

Aspartate in the tumour environment activates the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in cancer cells to induce cellular programmes that increase the aggressiveness of metastasis.

Sodium-ion batteries face challenges due to electrode degradation and interphase instability. Here, authors develop a smart gel polymer electrolyte for hard carbon||NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ batteries via in situ polymerization of specific monomers in conventional electrolytes.

Nitrospira inopinata and probably most other comammox microorganisms can grow on the non-conventional substrate guanidine as the sole source of energy, reductant and nitrogen.

Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are microbial natural products synthesized by multiple enzymes, including a nonribosomal peptide synthetase for assembly of the peptide core. Here, the authors use computational techniques to infer a gene set for biosynthesis of an ancestral GPA, produce the peptide in a microbial host, and provide insights into the evolution of key enzymatic domains.

Dimensionality of a material is a critical parameter to control its electronic properties. Here, the authors report that 2D gold transforms from a semiconductor, with valence band maximum 50 meV below the Fermi level, into a metal by tuning the number of layers from 1 to 2 in between graphene and SiC.

So-called two-dimensional superconductivity has been reported in several material systems but just how thin a system can be and maintain a superconducting state has been difficult to determine. Da Jiang and colleagues demonstrate that Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+xcontinues to be superconducting even when it is just half a unit cell thick.

Van der Waals heterostructures offer the potential of integrating multiple material layers into a single device to achieve new functionalities. Here, Ou et al combine ZrTe₂, a topological semimetal, with CrTe₂, a 2D ferromagnet, in a single heterostructure and demonstrate spin-orbit torque switching of the 2D ferromagnet by current in the topological semimetal.

Merging ideas from reinforcement learning theory with recent insights into the filtering properties of the dorsal raphe nucleus, a unifying perspective is found explaining why serotonin neurons are activated by both rewards and punishments.

Class I and II benzoyl-coenzyme A reductases offer a mild biological alternative to the alkali metal- and ammonia-dependent Birch reduction, a classical synthetic method for achieving dihydro additions to arenes. Here, the authors characterize double-cubane [8Fe-9S] and active site aqua-[4Fe-4S] clusters of a class I benzoyl-CoA reductase and provide evidence for a radical mechanism.

Rettkowski, Romero-Mulero et al. show that myocardial infarction impacts bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells and leads to inflammatory myelopoiesis, which can be dampened by treatment with 4-oxo-retinoic acid, promoting cardiac recovery.

GPCR:β-arrestin coupling is a dynamic process modulated by several factors, including membrane lipids. Here, authors show how PI(4,5)P2 favors the coupling of βarrestin 1 to the ghrelin receptor and modulates the arrangement of the resulting complex.

Building on recent explainable AI techniques, this Article highlights the pervasiveness of Clever Hans effects in unsupervised learning and the substantial risks associated with these effects in terms of the prediction accuracy on new data.

An integrated structural biology approach uncovers the structural complexity of the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) within the TRPV4 ion channel. Multiple stimulatory and inhibitory elements were identified within the IDR that modulate channel activity in a lipid-dependent manner.

The structure and function of the MCR activation complex from Methanococcus maripaludis were revealed, demonstrating its ATP-dependent ability to activate MCR and form methane while uncovering a unique electron transfer pathway involving iron–sulfur clusters similar to the nitrogenase cofactor intermediates.

The predicted increase in frequency of droughts and rising temperatures in Europe will lead core populations of a temperate plant to an evolutionary dead-end unless they acquire genetic alleles that are present only in extreme edge Mediterranean, Scandinavian, or Siberian populations.

MXenes with borate polyanion terminations are synthesized using a flux-assisted eutectic molten etching approach. These triatomic-layer terminations empower MXenes with considerably improved charge transport and charge storage capabilities.

The magnetic anisotropy of the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe₅GeTe₂ can be continuously tuned—from an initial out-of-plane orientation to a canted orientation and then finally to an in-plane orientation—using electrical gating.

Applications of nanopore direct RNA sequencing (dRNA) are limited by the lack of accurate and cost-effective sample multiplexing. Here, the authors report an ultra-fast and high accurate adapter-barcoding and demultiplexing approach for dRNA and demonstrate its application in SARS-CoV-2 viruses.

Metallic van der Waals magnets have considerable technological promise, due to their ability to be strongly coupled with electronic currents and integrated in two dimensional heterostructures. Here, Seo et al. demonstrate highly tunable itinerant antiferromagnetism in a van der Waals magnet.

Early life stress can induce lasting changes in brain function and behavior. Here, authors show that glutamatergic FKBP51 specifically in females mediates adaptive stress effects on anxiety and cognition via TCF4.

Two EEG studies in healthy human adults suggest that choice history and stimulus probability-induced biases in somatosensory perception are reflected in distinct prestimulus beta power modulations across distinct cortical regions.

As the electrical properties of nanostructures are strongly influenced by their surface, a thorough understanding of the surface properties is desirable. The authors demonstrate the use of charge transport in silicon nanomembranes to perform spectroscopy of the electronic structure of the surface states.