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Using two cohorts, Liu, Ge, Xiao, Lu and colleagues perform plasma metabolomics and lipidomics, linking reduced sarcosine to sarcopenia diagnosis. In mice, they demonstrate that sarcosine enhances muscle repair, boosts adipose thermogenesis and preserves muscle mass via macrophage modulation.

The genetic basis underlying resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) in oilseed rape remains elusive. Here, the authors identify BnaA07.MKK9 as a pivotal regulator of SSR resistance in oilseed rape by GWAS, providing new insights into plant defense mechanisms against necrotrophic pathogens.

Adult zebrafish possess the ability to regenerate injured hearts through a complex orchestration of molecular and cellular activities. Here, the authors present a single cell and spatially-resolved atlas of the regenerating zebrafish heart, which serves as a valuable resource for research on heart regeneration.

The authors present a strategy for controlling magnetic phase transitions in two-dimensional ferroelectrics, showing that electron pairing governs transitions between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic states, tunable via electric fields.

Galectins play vital roles in cellular functions, yet their unconventional secretion mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, Zhang et al. report that ATG9A vesicles, typically linked to autophagy, serve as carriers for galectin-9 secretion.

Photoinduced semiconductor-to-metal transitions are usually between different phases of the same material. Here the authors show the transformation of a single layer Cu2Se on Cu(111) into a metallic Cu surface layer and uncover its mechanism.

Developing efficient single-atom catalysts for clean energy technologies is still challenging. Here, the authors report a facile method to increase the density and tune the coordination of iron atom loaded in single-atom catalysts that boosts the activity for pH-universal oxygen electrolysis.

Many thrombolytic agents depend on plasminogen, leading to D-dimer accumulation. Here, Tang et al. report a plasminogen-independent thrombolytic enzyme that degrades blood clots and D-dimer without plasminogen.

Here the authors show that the E3 ligase GID4 can be harnessed for targeted protein degradation and present the crystal structure of the GID4–PROTAC–BRD4 ternary complex to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, the authors examine whether the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and exposure–response prevention (ERP) is more effective than ERP alone at improving OCD symptoms.

Here the authors show that PCIF1 can regulate CD8⁺ T cell antitumor responses in mice and use this information to enhance chimeric antigen receptor T cell design.

Helium is generally considered too inert to be present in giant ice planet mantles. The authors, by first-principles calculations and crystal structure searches, find stable ammonia–helium compounds at the conditions of Uranus and Neptune’s upper mantles, with possible implications in the planet composition models.

TAK1 is a key mediator of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) through the NF-kB pathway. Here, the authors show that TAK1 phosphorylates TRADD, which cooperates with RIPK1 to intestinal pathology and inflammation in a mouse model of IBD.

High-quality genomes and single-cell atlases of auditory cortices from microbat and megabat species identify neuronal populations related to ultrasound perception and implicate complexin-1 as a key component of ultrasound transmission in mammals.

Hydroxide exchange membranes are desirable for water electrolysis but are limited by their instability under operational conditions. Here, authors find that the in-situ stability of the membranes is affected by the locally accumulated heat and can be enhanced by thermally conductive membranes.

Su, Chen et al. show that sepsis-derived S100A8/A9 induces GSDMD-dependent platelet pyroptosis via the TLR4/ROS/NLRP3/caspase 1 pathway, leading to the release of ox-mtDNA contributing to neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation. NET in turn release S100A8/A9 and accelerate platelet pyroptosis, forming a positive feedback loop, thereby amplifying the production of proinflammatory cytokines. GSDMD deficiency in platelets or pharmacological inhibition of S100A9 using Paquinimod can break this detrimental feedback loop, thus ameliorating excessive NET-mediated inflammation in mouse models of severe sepsis.

The limited durability of metal-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts hinders their use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells for the oxygen reduction reaction. Here the authors transform active sites from FeN4 to stable monosymmetric FeN2 + N’2 via chemical vapor modification, resulting in enhanced improving the durability of the catalyst.

Miniature gene editing tools are highly desired for efficient in vivo delivery and disease treatment. Here, the authors reported engineering hypercompact TnpB-ωRNA for robust gene editing with minimal off-target effect in cultured cells and use it to rescue fatal genetic liver disease in a tyrosinaemia mouse model.

The organization of top-down inputs in primary visual cortex (V1) remains unclear. Here the authors characterized corticocortical and thalamocortical top-down inputs recruiting V1 neurons with cell-type and layer-specificities, and revealed distinct forms of top-down input processing.

The film-forming kinetics for large-area devices remains unclear for organic solar cells. Here, the authors propose assembly-controlled kinetics with the assembly determined by molecular configuration and tuned via external effects, contributing to the screening of device fabrication conditions.

Cassava is a major source of food in tropical and subtropical regions. Here the authors sequence the genomes of wild and domesticated cassava varieties and identify genes that have been selected for and against during the evolution and domestication of this economically important crop.

Before ovulation, a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the resumption of meiosis in oocytes, which is mediated by EGF-like growth factors. Here, the authors show that HDAC3 inhibits mouse oocyte maturation by negatively regulating the expression of EGF-like factor before the LH surge.

As cancer is increasingly considered a metabolic disorder, it is postulated that serum metabolite profiling can be a viable approach for detecting the presence of cancer. Here, the authors report a machine learning model using mass spectrometry-based liquid biopsy data for pan-cancer screening and classification.

Wu et al. optimized the m⁶A mapping method for ultralow-input materials and characterized the transcriptome-wide landscape of m⁶A methylation in mouse oocytes and early embryos.

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is an important modification in RNA biology and mRNA vaccine. A method called PRAISE was developed via selective labeling of Ψ by bisulfite to induce nucleotide deletion signature during reverse transcription, thus realizing quantitative assessment of the Ψ landscape in the human transcriptome.

The highly efficient and specific Cas12b is a new tool for genome editing with CRISPR in rice. This system can also be engineered for targeted transcriptional repression and activation.

Here, the authors generate near-field circularly polarized dipole modes in a hBN/WSe₂/hBN–Au nanoantenna hybrid structure by electron beam excitation, and show nanoscale control of the valley polarization through spatial variation of the electron beam excitation position.

NeoCoV and its close relative, PDF-2180, can efficiently bind to and use specific bat ACE2 orthologues and, less favourably, human ACE2 as entry receptors through their receptor-binding domains on the spike protein.

Liu et al. show that the adaptive branch of unfolded protein response signalling, IRE1α–XBP1, protects haematopoietic stem cells and N-Ras pre-leukaemic stem cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and supports their self-renewal.

This study compiled a comprehensive global database on live terrestrial vertebrate trade and used it to investigate traded alien species. The authors identify 7,780 species involved in trade globally and show that countries with greater trading power, higher incomes and larger human populations import more alien species, which emerge as hotspots for establishment richness of aliens.

Crystal structure of human histamine receptor H3R bound to an antagonist PF-03654746 reveals the unexpected binding modes of the antagonist and allosteric cholesterol, which could facilitate the structure-based design of novel antihistamines.

The plant xylem microbiota remains understudied. Here, the authors characterise the xylem microbiota in maize plants finding that some bacteria carried N fixing genes. By using synthetic communities the authors confirm that xylem inhabiting and N fixing bacteria provide the host plant with N.

Impaired transcallosal inhibition is believed to underlie visuospatial bias after frontoparietal damage, but the synaptic circuits involved remain largely unknown. Here, authors show a transcallosal inhibition loop in the anterior cingulate area that functions in visuospatial processing by maintaining balanced interhemispheric interactions.

m⁶Am is a dynamic and reversible RNA modification found on the mRNA cap. Here the authors report m⁶Am-seq to directly distinguish m⁶Am from m⁶A and identify functional methylation sites.

T_H2 cells are important for allergic and antiparasitic responses. Sun and colleagues demonstrate highly selective expression of the ECM1 protein in T_H2 cells and a key role for it in regulating migration.

Broomcorn millet is one of the earliest domesticated plants and has the highest water use efficiency among cereals. Here, the authors report its genome assembly and annotation, which provides a valuable resource for breeders and paves the way for studying plant drought tolerance and C₄ photosynthesis.

A model using data from culturing Escherichia coli in 32 different growth media sheds light on the relationship between bacterial cell growth and the cell cycle.

Designing efficient light-emitting diodes with white-light-emission from broadband-emission metal halides remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate bright and efficient lead-free LEDs based on cesium copper halides enabled by introducing Tween organic additive in the precursor.