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Fanjiang Kong, Zhixi Tian, Xingliang Hou, Baohui Liu and colleagues report the cloning and functional characterization of J, the locus underlying the long-juvenile (LJ) trait that has enabled tropical cultivation of soybean. They show that J, an ortholog of Arabidopsis ELF3, downregulates the expression of E1, thereby promoting flowering under short-day conditions.

The heterogeneity of isoform level m⁶A RNA methylation in single cells is unclear. The authors characterize m⁶A at both single-cell and isoform level through ONT long-read sequencing on single-cell cDNA library with APOBEC1-YTH induced C-to-U mutations. They find the role of m⁶A on surveillance of misprocessed RNAs through CDS-m⁶A decay mechanism.

Stabilize the active metal single atoms under harsh conditions is critical for the development of single atom catalysts. Here the authors report a nanoporous crystal, 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, that can firmly stabilize Pt single atoms in its surface cavities for efficient catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes.

Dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis plays a role in the accelerated degradation of cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). Here the authors engineer an injectable hydrogel based on streamlined-zinc oxide (ZnO), which is responsive to matrix metallopeptidase (MMP), for the delivery of miR-17-5p and show it alleviates cartilage degeneration in a rat model of OA.

A graph-based peanut pangenome constructed using 6 newly assembled and 2 previously published genomes and 269 resequenced accessions highlights the contribution of structural variants to pod size.

By constructing a graph-based grapevine pangenome reference (Grapepan v.1.0) and incorporating structural variations and phenotypic maps, the study investigates the genetic basis of agronomic traits, empowering grapevine genomic breeding.

The authors report a vacancy engineering method to simultaneously optimize carrier concentration and maintain high plasticity, achieving a nearly 10% strain in three-point bending tests and a high ZT of ~0.83 at 343 K in (AgCu)0.998Te0.8Se0.1S0.1.

Long-lived room temperature phosphorescence (LRTP) is important in organic photonics but exploring a universal approach to obtain LRTP in amorphous polymers is challenging. Here the authors present a facile chemical strategy to achieve ultralong phosphorescence in polymers by ionic bonding cross-linking.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Cement plays a dual role in the carbon cycle like a sponge. Here, the authors employ a dynamic model to quantify such sponge effect and concluded that deep decarbonization of the global cement cycle will require radical technology advancements and widespread deployment of material efficiency measures.

Using remineralization materials to grow hydroxyapatite crystals on the surfaces is a common strategy for the repair of early demineralized tooth enamels but often stabilizers used for reparation and storage slow down the mineralization process. Here the authors use glycerol stabilized calcium phosphate cluster, which can perform a fast enamel repair via water-triggered transformation.

Single-crystal Ni-rich cathode materials are highly sought after in battery development. In this study the authors present a synthesis route that leverages Li₂O sublimation to facilitate the production of high-performance single-crystal cathode materials.

The nature of localized interlayer excitons (LIXs) in moiré superlattices is still elusive Here, the authors propose a donor-acceptor pair mechanism for LIXs in MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayers.

Medical devices face stability challenges in extreme pH conditions. Here, the authors report a liquid-based encapsulation approach that achieves year-long encapsulation in acidic conditions

Superoxide dismutase 3 is elevated in patients and animals infected by protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium. Here, Li et al. show that SOD3 expression is associated with experimental cerebral malaria and inhibition of host immune responses.

Interphases are crucial in electrochemical systems, but their role in CO₂ electroreduction remains underexplored. Here, the authors report their importance in improving electrocatalytic performance by systematically investigating 180 molecular modifiers using an automatic electrocatalysis platform.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

The role of microbial β-diversity in soil ecosystem function is not well-studied. Here, the authors use genetic data to show that microbial α-diversity levels may have impacts on stochastic/deterministic assembly processes and functions of soil microbiome.

The unclear understanding of the interphase has limited advancements in battery performance. To address this, the authors designed sulfoximide salts with distinctive interphasial chemistry, enabling high-performance lithium metal batteries even under extreme conditions.

The authors reveal that stabilization of PYL dimer can relieve ABA-induced inhibition of seed germination using a computationally designed compound DBSA. Crystal structure and other experiments show that DBSA selectively binds to the dimeric PYL.

Patient-derived glioma cell (PDGC) cultures have been poorly characterized on a molecular level. Here, the authors analyze 50 PDGC lines from glioblastoma patients using multi-omics and drug screening; find molecular subtypes that are associated with drug response and prognosis, as well as a MYC/MYCN-amplification associated with serum-free culture.

Fang et al. show that EAT-17 and BICD-1 function in the endocytic degradation pathway to suppress excessive dendrite branching, via down-regulating the level of SAX-7, a dendrite branching ligand, on the C. elegans epidermal plasma membranes.

A study identifies two genes that act as brakes controlling the sugar content of tomatoes and demonstrates their manipulation to generate sweeter tomatoes without affecting the fruit size and yield.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

Enetriynes, which belong to the enyne family, are characterized by a distinct electron-rich carbon-bonding scheme. Here, the authors report the formation of enetriynes with high selectivity by tetramerization of terminal alkynes on Ag(100).

Here, the authors devise a synthesis strategy to optimize the stability and thermoelectric performance of Cu₂Se-based materials. They obtain a maximum ZT value of ~2.82 at 1000 K on Cu₂Se-BiCuSeO-graphene composites.

Mechanistic models provide valuable insights, but large-scale simulations are computationally expensive. Here, the authors show that it is possible to explore the dynamics of a mechanistic model over a large set of parameters by training an artificial neural network on a smaller set of simulations.

Innate and adaptive immunity are equally important for the anti-tumor response and immunotherapy simultaneously activating both arms could have therapeutic benefits. Here authors show that a composite nanoparticle platform that immobilizes monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-L1, 4- 1BB and NKG2A or TIGIT recruits and activates both NK and CD8 + T cells.