Search

This study presents an optical cloud computing system that enables long-distance, high-speed AI processing and communication with low power consumption. The approach offers a scalable and secure alternative to electronic cloud computing, addressing key energy and privacy challenges.

Here, using population-based modeling on ensemble Hi-C data, the authors provide an expansive overview of how the genic chromatin microenvironment influences its potential involvement in different functions, such as transcription, DNA replication, and chromatin compartmentalization. Their results unveil a key role of nuclear speckles in genome organization.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a global, major health issue for which no effective therapies are available. Here, the authors discover that the interplay between two transcription factors, Xbp1s and FoxO1, is critical for metabolic adaptation and lipid handling in HFpEF-stressed cardiomyocytes.

Blocking the binding between two proteins whose interaction is increased during stress can reduce anxiety in mouse models.

Cardiac macrophage contributes to the onset of cardiac fibrosis, but the underneath mechanisms remain unclear. Here the authors show that mouse cardiac macrophages from circulating monocytes may trans-differentiate into myofibroblast under hypertensive conditions for fibrosis development, with an AKLBH5/IL11 molecular axis modulating this macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition.

Genetic variation from coexisting species influences interspecific interactions in a community. Here, the authors develop a framework for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying community dynamics and validate the tool using data from co-culturing of two bacterial species.

MicroRNAs contribute to post-transcriptional controls that fine-tune protein expression. Cao and colleagues identify the microRNA miR-29 as a regulator of the expression of interferon-γ protein and show that intracellular infection with pathogens dampens miR-29 expression.

An endohedral metallofullerene–polymer layer, which features ultrafast electron extraction and in situ encapsulation, improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

Heart failure is a complex syndrome that is associated with many different underlying risk factors. Here, to increase power, the authors jointly analyse cases of heart failure of different aetiologies in a genome-wide association study and identify 11 loci of which ten had not been previously reported.

A prophylactic cancer vaccine consisting of commercial adjuvants wrapped by membranes from pluripotent stem cells inhibited tumour progression in mice, owing to shared antigens between tumour membranes and the pluripotent stem cell membranes.

This study demonstrates a 38.2 Tbit/s optical interconnect using silicon photonic circuits, combining wavelength- and mode-multiplexing with high-order modulation for ultra-high-capacity data transmission and scaling next-gen computing systems.

Psoriasis is accompanied by NF-κB activation and hyperplasia. Here the authors show that NF-κB transcriptionally activates miR-31, which downregulates a negative cell cycle regulator protein phosphatase 6, and that this is critical for NF-κB to drive keratinocyte hyperproliferation.

Medical devices face stability challenges in extreme pH conditions. Here, the authors report a liquid-based encapsulation approach that achieves year-long encapsulation in acidic conditions

NPF1 governs parthenocarpy by activating YUC4 expression in the ovules of cucumber. The selection of a single mutation in the NPF1 gene, along with a SNP in the YUC4 promoter, led to parthenocarpic fruit development during cucumber domestication.

This study demonstrates that a single antibody exhibits distinct binding modes with SARS-CoV-2 WT and Omicron variants, correlating with neutralization loss. The underlying mechanisms offer insights into enhanced neutralization.

The m6A-methylated form of the lncRNA KCTD21-AS1 influences CD47 and TIPRL expression via miR-519d-5p, impacting macrophage phagocytosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and ultimately correlating with poor survival in NSCLC patients.

Multi-omics characterization of ZIKA virus–infected mouse brains reveals metabolic reprogramming events, including dysregulation of NAD⁺ metabolism, the correction of which is shown to alleviate ZIKA virus–induced microcephaly.

A continuous-acquisition method for reducing artefacts caused by the beating heart and other body motions in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging reduces the reliance on electrocardiography triggering and breath holds.

Ice sheets and precession are shown to control westerly strength and position, impacting nutrient-rich water upwelling and productivity in the subarctic Pacific. This finding underscores the subarctic Pacific’s significant contribution to Pleistocene CO2, particularly on a precession timescale.

Stretchable electronics are attractive for a range of biomedical applications, but are challenging to prepare with suitable mechanical properties. Here, the authors report the use of a soft interlayer that allows the development of stretchable electronics with tissue-like material properties.

Several microRNAs have been identified that affect lymphocyte effector function and contribute to autoimmune inflammatory disease. Here Youcun Qian and his colleagues find that interleukin-17 (IL-17) suppresses miR-23b expression in nonimmune cells present in inflammatory lesions from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or multiple sclerosis and in the respective mouse models. MiR-23b targets several signaling molecules downstream of IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β signaling, thereby suppressing proinflammatory cytokine expression and inhibitng autoimmune pathogenesis in vivo.

Reduced graphene oxide materials are of great interest in many fields, but current production methods are neither sustainable nor scalable. Here the authors report a method that enables the facile production of reduced graphene oxide from biomass at ambient temperature.

The neural circuits regulating REM sleep are poorly understood. The authors reveal that GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus suppress the onset and maintenance of REM sleep, and that projections of these neurons to the LDT and LH mediate distinct REM sleep transitions.

Tsai et al. here utilize a multi-stage genome-wide association study in Taiwanese population to show a copy number variation in the intron of potassium interacting channel 1 gene (KCNIP1) to be strongly associated with atrial fibrillation. The study also examines the functionality of KCNIP1 in heart electrophysiological function using cultured myocytes and zebrafish.

Weyl semimetals exhibit exotic properties owing to the presence of Weyl fermions. Here, Xu et al. show that tantalum phosphide is an ideal platform for studying the transport properties of these particles because its low-energy properties are dominated by a single type of Weyl fermion.

High-quality genomes of two cultivated tetraploid cottons Gossypium hirsutum cv. NDM8 and Gossypium barbadense acc. Pima90 and resequencing of 1,081 G. hirsutum accessions provide insights into the role of structural variations.

Superoxide dismutase 3 is elevated in patients and animals infected by protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium. Here, Li et al. show that SOD3 expression is associated with experimental cerebral malaria and inhibition of host immune responses.

In previous studies the authors discovered that miR-214 inhibits osteoblastic bone formation. Here they extend on these findings, using ovariectomized mice and samples from patients with bone fractures, to show that miR-214 is a mediator of osteoclast-osteoblast crosstalk.

By analyzing tissue from non-human primates with or without heart failure and in vitro methods, Liu et al. demonstrate that amylin deposition in heart failure contributes to cardiac dysfunction via activation of HIF1α and PFKFB3 signaling. Their study demonstrates the pathological role of amylin and establishes it as a target for heart disease patients.