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Type I interferon-dependent immunity is crucial for antiviral defense but must be tightly regulated to prevent tissue damage. Here, the authors present RNF167 as a negative regulator of RLR-triggered IFN activation, mediating K6- and K11-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I/MDA5 to promote proteasomal and autophagic degradation.

While diamond is the strongest natural material, it fails to reach its theoretical elasticity limits and is brittle. Here, the authors show that thin <100>-orientated diamond nanoneedles can reach diamond’s theoretical strength and elasticity limits in tension.

Deformation twinning, a key deformation mechanism that is rarely explored in superhard materials, is shown to be activated in cubic boron nitride and other cubic covalent materials under a loading-specific twinning criterion.

Existing tools face limitations in integrating spatial data with single-cell multi-omics datasets. Here, authors introduce a computational tool that maps diverse single-cell modalities, including RNA, chromatin accessibility, and DNA methylation, onto spatial tissues, revealing spatial gene regulation and multimodal heterogeneity.

A power conversion efficiency of 33.89% is achieved in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells by using a bilayer passivation strategy to enhance electron extraction and suppress recombination.

Chemical short-range order (CSRO) has been explored as a new design parameter for tuning the performance of multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs), yet its formation kinetics remains unclear. Here the authors demonstrate that significant CSRO forms during solidification, making it ubiquitous in many MPEAs.

Zymomonas mobilis is an ethanolognic microbial chassis cell for non-food feedstocks biorefinery. Here, the authors report an improved genome-scale metabolic model, develop an intermediate-chassis to bypass the dominant ethanol pathway, and demonstrate the application potential of using lignocellulosic waste for D-lactate production.

Dealloying usually relies on chemical dissolution of an alloy component. By contrast, the authors demonstrate an atomic-scale phase separation process that differs completely from the chemical dealloying mechanism and thus represents a significant departure from the well-known Hume-Rothery rules.

Tough hydrogels are desirable but balancing material properties and water content is challenging. Here, the authors report the development of a material with favorable properties and high water content by a nucleation strategy.

Cell-cell communication is a vital feature involving numerous biological processes. Here, the authors develop SpaTalk, a cell-cell communication inference method using knowledge graph for spatially resolved transcriptomic data, providing valuable insights into spatial intercellular tissue dynamics.

Current methods to reanalyze bulk RNA-seq at spatially resolved single-cell resolution have limitations. Here, the authors develop Bulk2Space, a spatial deconvolution algorithm using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics as references, providing new insights into spatial heterogeneity within bulk tissue.

A programmable polymer library that responds to external and internal stimuli has been developed and used to fabricate a series of nanocarriers for drug release. The carriers respond to disease biomarkers, triggering self-immolative motifs and leading to the site-specific release of therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo.

Diabetic wounds are challenging to heal, with vascular injury induced by high glucose a key pathological factor. Here, the authors report a hydrogel designed to interrupt the process of vascular injury, with angiogenic capacity.

Feeding behavior is modulated by ambient temperature, as lower temperatures increase the necessity for energy intake and vice versa. Here the authors identify neuronal pathways that control feeding in a temperature-dependent manner.

Stress reduces the effects of various cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, in mice; this is mediated, at least partially, through Tsc22d3 upregulation in tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, which leads to immunosuppression.

Methods to reanalyze scRNA-seq data in a spatial perspective are vital but lacking. Here, the authors develop scSpace, an integrative method that uses ST data as spatial reference to reconstruct the pseudo-space of scRNA-seq data and identify spatially variable cell subpopulations, providing insights into spatial heterogeneity from scRNA-seq data.

Silver ions in wastewater are a major health hazard, and there is an urgent need to develop methods to reliably extract them. Here, the authors show that mixed-valence molybdenum oxide can selectively adsorb and reduce Ag⁺ from wastewater and be easily recycled while maintaining high selectivity towards Ag⁺.

Developing eco-friendly synthetic routes for fabricating robust covalent organic frameworks (COFs) remains a challenge. Herein, the authors created a green strategy to fabricate a highly crystalline olefin-linked COF which exhibited great promise application in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Wu et al. report that IFNγ induces the phase separation of KAT8 and IRF1 into condensates that promote PD-L1 upregulation. They further identify a peptide that blocks KAT8–IRF1 condensates, reducing PD-L1 levels and increasing antitumor immunity.

Lymphocytes encounter fluctuations in nutrient availability at sites of infection and inflammation. Wang et al. report that inosine can fulfil the metabolic needs of glucose-restricted anti-tumour effector CD8⁺ T cells.

P53 is a tumour suppressor that is frequently mutated or downregulated in cancer. Here, Wang et al. show that CD24, a molecule frequently overexpressed in cancer, promotes p53 degradation by disrupting a regulatory ARF–MDM2 interaction, and silencing CD24 prevents the downregulation of p53.

Modulating cholesterol metabolism can improve CD8⁺ T-cell-mediated immunity against tumours; genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the cholesterol esterification enzyme ACAT1 led to higher plasma membrane cholesterol levels, better T-cell receptor clustering and signalling, improved immunological synapse maturation, and enhanced antitumour activity in mice.

PD-1 undergoes internalization, FBXO38-mediated ubiquitination and proteasome degradation in activated T cells, and inhibition of this pathway dampens anti-tumour immunity of T cells.

Overexpression of proteins involved in the nervonic acid oil production pathway and an endoplasmatic reticulum structure regulator, which increases lipid production leads to the highest nervonic acid production to date.