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Pan-genome analysis of 24 alfalfa accessions identifies key structural variations associated with salt tolerance and quality traits and provides resources for genomics-assisted breeding in alfalfa.

The assembly of eight high-quality rapeseed genomes allows identification of presence and absence variations (PAVs) and small variations. PAV-based genome-wide association analysis uncovered causal variations for agronomic traits and ecotype differentiation.

An analysis of data from the Sherlock-Lung study provides insight into the mutational processes that contribute to lung cancer in never smokers, and looks at the possible role of factors such as air pollution and passive smoking.

A study examines the effects of mutations that occur naturally in T cell cancers, reporting that such mutations can potentially be exploited to increase the potency of T cell therapies.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) usually metastasizes to the lungs. Here, the authors discover that SWI/SNF ATPase subunit SMARCA4 silencing of HLF regulates ccRCC lung metastasis by modulating the integration of collagen's mechanical cues with the actin cytoskeleton through leupaxin.

The development of ionic membranes with a high charge population is critical for realizing efficient thermo-osmotic energy conversion. Here, the authors demonstrated that the thermo-osmotic energy conversion efficiency can be improved by increasing the membrane charge density but this enhancement only occurs within a narrow window.

ACSS2 catalyzes the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA. Here, authors show that ACSS2 regulates iron metabolism and ferroptosis in alcoholic liver disease by modulating the histone acetylation of HAMP1/2.

Membranes with high permselectivity in high salinity conditions are desirable for efficient energy conversion. Here, the authors address the challenge by modifying the distribution of electrostatic potentials in the linkages of covalent organic framework membranes and apply the material to the conversion of low-grade waste heat into electrical energy.

A single-cell analysis of tumor-infiltrating T cells from 16 cancer types identifies new T cell subsets and a stress response cell state enriched in tumors resistant to immunotherapy.

Wei et al. found that the nuclear E3 ligase ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5 (UBR5) ubiquitinated VGLL4 at Lys61 for its degradation, which permits Hippo–YAP signaling for the development of liver biliary system in mice and multiple cancers in humans.

Tao et al. study the role of TRMT6 in colorectal cancer, where it is upregulated and show that TRMT6 supports histone biosynthesis by stabilizing tRNA-Lys-TTT-1-1. Targeting TRMT6 reduced histone mRNA translation in a codon-biased manner.

Here, the authors show that mechanical loading promotes subchondral bone osteocytes to secrete extracellular vesicles containing miR-23b-3p, which accelerates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting mitophagy and disrupting cartilage metabolism.

Glycosylated asparagine residues that mediate the function of the B7H3 protein are unclear. Here the authors identify the important N-glycosylation sites for B7H3 cell surface localization and T cell inhibition, followed by the development of N91/309 and N104/322 preferentially targeting monoclonal antibody manifesting enhanced antitumor immunity.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Artificial ion channels with multiple functions provide exciting opportunities to emulate natural processes and enhance energy conversion. Here, the authors introduce a family of photoelectrically responsive ionic covalent organic frameworks membranes for solar energy and salinity gradient energy conversion.

EGLN2 hydroxylates histone H3 at proline 16, enhancing the binding of KDM5A to H3K4me3. Genome- and transcriptome-wide analyses show that the EGLN2–KDM5A axis regulates target gene expression in mammalian cells.

This work demonstrates an efficient electrochemical exfoliation approach to achieve high recovery rate for few-layered halogenated MXenes by leveraging gaseous propylene molecules as ‘physical scissors’, to enable advanced tribovoltaic nanogenerators.

Multiomics joint analyses based on a structural variant (SV) map from 16 genome assemblies and 2,105 resequenced accession genomes shed light on the regulatory effect of SVs on gene expression and trait variation in Brassica napus.

Xue et al. report self-powered photoelectrochemical photodetectors based on CuOx decorated AlGaN nanowires with staggered energy band structure. High-energy photons can be absorbed by CuOx to trigger the multiexciton generation effect, enabling an external quantum efficiency of 131.5% at 255 nm.

Pancreatic islet β cells produce insulin, so their protein quality control mechanisms are critical for human health. Here, the authors show that loss of OSGEP, an enzyme known to add the t6A modification on tRNA, disrupts proinsulin translation and causes ER stress in β cells.

Dual targeting of BRAF and MAPK signaling in the BRAF v600E mutant colorectal cancer patients has shown limited efficacy in clinical studies. Here, the authors identify PLK1 inhibition as synthetic lethal with dual BRAF and EGFR inhibition due to loss of ferroptosis inhibition via a PLK1-CBX8-GPX4 signaling axis in preclinical models of colorectal cancer.

A facile light-triggered doping strategy involving a series of inactive photoactivable dopants is described that facilitates tunable regionally controlled n-doping of organic semiconductors, resulting in stable patterning of the doping profile at record high resolutions.

Endochondral ossification is hard to recapitulate with human cells. Here, the authors generated SOX9+ sclerotomal progenitors from hPSCs, modeling key developmental stages of bone development and growth plate-like structures.

Single-atom catalysts commonly present a random distribution of the active metal centres. Now a series of Mg-rich intermetallic compounds is introduced to enable ordered dispersed active metals. Furthermore, a cascade process is demonstrated on Mg₂₉Pd_1.3Rh_2.7, where Pd sites catalyse the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene with subsequent hydroformylation on Rh sites.

In the NATION-1907 trial, treatment of patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with the anti-PD-L1 agent adebrelimab was safe and showed preliminary overall survival efficacy, with responders exhibiting an immune-enriched tumor microenvironment phenotype at baseline.

The authors achieve configurable ferroelectric switching kinetics in CuInP₂S₆ through precisely tuning the Cu ions interlayer hopping, paving the way for development of advanced multifunctional ferroelectric devices.

Cholesterol metabolism is altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The authors show that promoting cellular cholesterol excretion in a mouse model improves myelination, reduces the disease-associated oligodendrocyte response, and prolongs survival.

Endothelial injury drives vascular diseases like atherosclerosis, but key regulators are unclear. Here, the authors show that endothelial major vault protein (MVP) acts as an intracellular regulator promoting Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby antagonizing vascular remodeling and suggesting its role as a potential therapeutic target.

Metabolic dysregulation in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains to be understood. Here the authors identify that a carnitine synthesis enzyme BBOX1, which inhibits TBK1-mTORC1 signaling and glycolysis, is often lost in ccRCC.

Chemical modifications in DNA enable hidden messages for secure data transmission. Here, authors develop DeepSME, a nanopore sequencing and deep-learning framework that conceals data into DNA using 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and enables single-molecule private communication.

Candida albicans infection exacerbates intestinal inflammation through IL-1β dependent mechanisms. Here the authors characterise the function of a hyphae protein Als3 and show that Als3 promotes ASC oligomerization so that innate cells sense infection and promote IL-1β mediated effector mechanisms.

Targeted multielement substitution of a lead-free relaxor ferroelectric perovskite distorts the lattice structure and induces strong polar disorder, leading to high-polar-entropy ferroelectric oxides with a high electrocaloric effect and long lifetime.

Deep mutational scanning experiments on an S2 region spanning the fusion peptide of authentic SARS-CoV-2 with different cell lines revealed that mutations at residue 813 of the spike protein reduced TMPRSS2-mediated entry with decreased virulence.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

A map of cohesin-mediated chromatin loops in 24 types of human cells identifies loops that show cell-type-specific variation, indicating that chromatin loops may help to specify cell-specific gene expression programs and functions.