Search

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

The first outbreaks of mpox outside Africa in 2022 were caused by clade II but cases of a new clade Ib have been increasing in the Democratic Republic of Congo and neighbouring countries since 2024. Here, the authors describe a case report and public health investigation of the first detected case of mpox clade Ib in China.

Honeybee behavioral plasticity provides a model to study how brain gene networks regulate behavior. Here, authors show stripe activation in Kenyon cells links gene regulatory networks to behavioral maturation via spatial-cellular coordination.

3D photonic crystals go axion insulators. Here, the authors utilize antiferromagnetic arrays to create novel 3D photonic axion insulators in microwave bands, directly observing closed, nonreciprocal, and non-coplanar chiral loops for hinge transport.

The precise mechanism by which gut microbiota influence the immunotherapy response of tumors in anatomically distant locations remains debated. In this study, using organoids and animal models, Zhang and colleagues show that Bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicles synergize the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 via modulation of key cytokines, immune response and oncogenic pathways, and increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells.

Metastasis-associated recurrence is a major cause of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors show that expression of choroideremia-like (CHML) is elevated and associates with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma, and mechanistically CHML promotes metastasis in a Rab14-dependent manner.

Translation and rotation are the two most fundamental forms of diffusion. Here, the authors provide evidence of the coupling between rotation and translation under confinement, and find that asymmetric rotations disrupt the order of molecular diffusion in zeolites, which can be applied to studies of selective separation.

A study finds that RUVBL2 is a conserved component of eukaryotic circadian clocks and suggests that slow ATPase activity, which was initially discovered in cyanobacteria, is a shared feature of eukaryotic clocks.

Interfacial water consists of hydrogen-bonded water and Na·H₂O, its structure changes at hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) potentials, and when structurally ordered it aids interfacial electron transfer, resulting in higher HER rates.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common emergent manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors designed a nanomedicine that can reprogram MI microenvironment by converting the detrimental substances (H+, ROS and hypoxia) into beneficial elements (O2 and H2O), as such demonstrates promising potential for the clinical application.

An in situ-grown layer of SiO_xN_y contributes to passivating surface defects in inverted organic solar cells, enabling power conversion efficiency of up to 18.49% and an estimated device lifespan of over 16 years.

Using zirconium metal–organic frameworks as the host template for directed nucleation and precise growth of metal-halide sublattices, multi-dimensional single-crystalline porous superlattices can be achieved through a one-pot synthesis.

Jujube is a perennial fruit crop with significant economic and medicinal values. Here, the author report genome assemblies of four jujube accessions, construct pan-genome together with four previously published genomes, and generate resequencing data to reveal genetic basis of domestication traits.

Flat bands have empowered novel phenomena such as canalization, high-collimation and low-loss propagation. Here, the authors propose the concept of symmetry broken moiré systems, which overcomes the limitations of fixed flat bands, enabling multiple and unidirectional canalizations.

A cereal-specific transcription factor, ZmICE1a, positively regulates storage in the central part of the endosperm while negatively regulating defence in its peripheral region, revealing the molecular mechanism underlying the antagonism between resistance and yield, which is crucial for cereal crop improvement.

The rise of large language model (LLM) technology offers new opportunities for advancing chemical synthesis. Here, the authors developed an LLM-based reaction development framework (LLM-RDF) to copilot the design and experimental tasks throughout the end-to-end chemical synthesis development.

Previous studies have shown that high alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) in the intestinal microbiome could be one of the causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, the authors show the effectiveness of phage in mice with HiAlc Kpn-induced NAFLD indicating phage therapy targeting gut microbiota may be an alternative to antibiotics, with potential efficacy and safety.

Analysis of tumor samples from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma shows that gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy activates a unique population of innate-like B cells, which enhance the cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cell response and are associated with better clinical outcomes.

Lymphocyte subsets remain inadequately understood in jawless vertebrates, relative to jawed vertebrates. In this study, the authors combine single-cell RNA and whole-transcriptome sequencing to demonstrate that the lamprey, Lampreta morii, harbours specialised T-like cells that are distinct from those found in jawed vertebrates.

Reducing CO₂ to CH₃COOH using visible and near-infrared light is challenging. Here, Wu and Zhang et al. incorporate Au nanoparticles and single atoms into Mo-edge-rich MoS₂ to provide a pathway to overcome limitations and boost productivity.

Both cartilaginous and bony fishes have adaptive immune cells, but the evolutionary features of these diverse cell populations remain understudied. Here the authors report single-cell RNA sequencing atlas of both species to define these features and to find reduced evolutionary diversification of immune cells in cartilaginous fishes.

The neural circuits regulating wakefulness have not been fully resolved. Here, the authors reveal that neurons expressing calretinin in the parasubthalamic nucleus play a key role in the induction and maintenance of the awake state associated with exploration via projections to the ventral tegmental area.

The butterfly Parnassius glacialis experienced vast environmental transition when it dispersed out of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Here, the authors find that P. glacialis has an unusually large genome with rapid accumulation of transposable elements possibly facilitating its evolutionary adaptation.

The water-to-land transition of vertebrates is a landmark event in evolutionary history. This work utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the adaptations in African lungfish lungs and gills to terrestrialization.

Reducing PM_2.5 air pollution from biomass burning, transport, energy, and manufacturing, in combination with improvements in healthcare, especially in emerging economies like India and China, will be crucial to meeting SDG3.9

Sequencing and analysing the diploid genome and transcriptome of Aegilops tauschii provide new insights into the role of this genome in enabling the adaptation of bread wheat and are a step towards understanding the very large and complicated hexaploid genomes of wheat species.

A comprehensive map of genomic variation in melon derived from resequencing of 1,175 accessions sheds light on the population structure and domestication history of melon and agronomic traits for melon breeding.

Ma et al. show that acetylation of PRDM16 via acetyl-CoA, derived from branched-chain keto acids, impairs PRDM16–PPAR interaction, thus linking the BCAA–BCKA axis to the regulation of white adipose tissue browning.

Single-particle band theory is facing limitations in describing the physics of ultrathin topological insulator films. Here, the authors investigate the coupling between top and bottom surfaces of a topological insulator and analyse their interaction in the framework of screened Coulomb interactions.

Zuhua He and colleagues identify the gene underlying a quantitative trait locus for grain-filling in rice, which contributes to grain weight. The gene, GIF1, encodes a protein with cell-wall invertase activity and may have been under selection during rice domestication.

Potential lead contamination risk and environmental vulnerability risk impose a significant obstacle for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors create a biomimetic cage traps to mitigate lead leakage and establish a sustainable closed-loop lead management process.

Rational design of electrocatalysts for selective CO₂ conversion is of great interests. Here the authors show that Ni single atom with asymmetric pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen for efficient CO₂ electroconversion to CO.

Disordered hepatic glucagon response contributes to hyperglycemia in diabetes via gluconeogenesis. Here the authors report that the mitochondrial β-oxidation enzyme HADHA promotes β-hydroxybutyrate production, which negatively regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis during glucagon challenge by targeting HDAC7 in mice.

Mechanisms and consequences of the acclimation of soil respiration to warming are unclear. Here, the authors combine soil respiration, metagenomics, and functional gene results from a 7-year grassland warming experiment to a microbial-enzyme decomposition model, showing functional gene information to lower uncertainty and improve fit.