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Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate into multiple lineages, with such capacity impacted by aging. Here the authors identify Kit^lo HSCs as a functionally distinct population that exhibits distinct lymphoid-primed chromatin landscapes, which drive enhanced lymphoid reconstitution capacity, and is altered in aged hosts.

The authors develop a freestanding high-entropy-oxide (HEO) nanomembrane with exceptional fracture resistance and multifunctionality. Formation of dual-phase nanostructure (HEO scaffold + decomposed hydrogel chains) enables hierarchical toughening.

Capturing and separating perfluorinated gases is critical due to their environmental concerns. However, microporous adsorbents show slow mass transfer within micropores limiting their performance in applications. Here, the authors report fluorinated mesoporous covalent organic frameworks for the storage of octafluoropropane and perfluorocyclobutane and separation from other gases mixtures.

2D Ta-based transition metal dichalcogenides have been predicted to host highly confined plasmons, but their observation has been lacking. Here, the authors report momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements of 2H-TaS₂ monolayers and bilayers, showing plasmon resonances with lateral confinement up to 300 and group velocity down to ~10⁻⁴c at large wave vectors.

Shi and colleagues present a spatial microfluidic holographic integrated platform for label-free, high-dimensional analysis of cancer heterogeneity, achieving very high accuracy in classifying cancer types, breast cancer subtypes, and blood cells.

The immunomodulatory functions of mast cells (MCs) within the tumor microenvironment are elusive. Here, the authors present a transcriptomic characterization of LUAD-infiltrating MCs and identify a proinflammatory subset that contributes to the activation of cytotoxic MAIT cells by secreting IL-18 via NRLP3 activation and pyroptosis, ultimately boosting anti-tumor immunity.

Here, the authors develop an antiferromagnet/topological insulator heterostructure, MnSe/(Bi,Sb)₂Te₃, to obtain laser-induced transient magnetic moment and optically controllable circularly polarized ultrafast terahertz pulse generation, under zero external magnetic field.

T-cell enrichment has attracted great interest but currently fails to fully replicate the complex natural immune interactions. Here, the authors report on magnetic polymerised antigen-presenting cells that mimic natural interactions to isolate rare tumour-reactive T cells, offering a platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy and neoantigen discovery.

In this work, authors demonstrate a self-sufficient fog harvester system that simultaneously produces nitrogen-based nutrients for fertilizer via spark-driven nitrogen fixation. The device has the potential to enhance crop growth sustainably without additional energy input or pollutant emissions.

FeGe is an antiferromagnetic kagome metal with a rich magnetic and electronic phase diagram. Recently it was found that post-growth annealing of FeGe can suppress or induce charge density wave order depending on the annealing temperature. Here, Klemm, Siddique et al show the critical role that annealing induced Ge-vacancies and stacking faults play in the formation of charge density wave order in FeGe.

The drying out of the Aral Sea has induced flow of the relatively weak asthenosphere beneath, demonstrating that human activity can influence mantle dynamics, according to numerical simulations of ground uplift measured by radar interferometry.

The electrochemical NH₃ synthesis from NO reduction faces challenges, including weak NO adsorption and sluggish proton supply. Here, the authors report a ternary Co/Co₃O₄/CoB heterostructure promotes NO adsorption while boosting H₂O dissociation and subsequent hydrogenation to produce NH3.

Penketh et al. develop an approach for mapping the frequency response of thousands of meta-atoms in a microwave metasurface simultaneously, leading to the formation of detailed hyperspectral images. The approach – applicable to a wide range of metasurfaces – may overcome fabrication challenges for translation of such metasurfaces to real-world devices.

Covalent organic frameworks have been used for molecular separations, but enantioselectivity can be challenging. Here, the authors use chiral dopants embedded into the substrate to induce the growth of chiral COF membranes, thereby enhancing enantioselectivity.

Conservation agriculture is promoted as a sustainable solution in the changing climate, but its response to warming is unclear. Here, the authors report that conservation agriculture improves soil health and sustains crop yields under long-term warming compared to conventional agriculture.

Discussions at a recent conference on microscopy technology dissemination spotlighted the importance of setting technology adoption capable of producing scientific outcome as the end goal. This Comment examines current global efforts in microscopy dissemination and summarizes the challenges and paths forward.

As a vast and diverse country, Brazil faces significant regional disparities that highlight the urgent need to democratize access to scientific resources and opportunities. To help develop solutions to address this challenge, we launched the Bioimaging Brasil initiative, aimed at expanding access to advanced bioimaging techniques such as intravital microscopy. By leveraging a broad spectrum of technologies — from standard microscopes paired with cell phone cameras to cutting-edge laser scanning confocal microscopes — the initiative fosters collaboration, strengthens research capacity and serves as a global model for equitable technology dissemination.

Various intrinsic factors, including the metabolic state of cancer cells, govern their ability to evade immune destruction. Here the authors show that inactivation of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme in the pyrimidine synthesis pathway, increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to T cell cytotoxicity through CDP-Choline dependent induction of ferroptosis.

The histone methyltransferase ASH1L has been linked to tumorigenesis, mainly in leukemia. Here, authors report that ASH1L cooperates with HIF-1α to induce a pro-metastatic transcriptome in prostate cancer cells, and promotes conversion of monocytes to lipid-associated tumor-associated macrophages in the bone metastatic niche.

The CAPItello-291 phase 3 study reported that capivasertib (an AKT inhibitor) and fulvestrant (a selective estrogen receptor degrader) improved progression free survival in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Here, the authors report the results of an extended Chinese cohort recruited as part of the original global CAPItello-291 study.

Silicon electrodes in lithium-ion batteries are severely limited by the stress that arises from large volume changes during cycling. Here, authors exploit the inherent volume change dynamics of silicon and sulfur electrodes and design a stress-neutralized solid-state battery.

Balancing information security and sharing remains a significant challenge. The authors propose and demonstrate PS-DNNs that capable of high-security data exchange, which unify both information sharing and security within an all-optical framework.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Structure–activity cliffs and property uncertainties raise drug development costs. Here, authors propose a deep learning model capturing key functional groups tied to activity, offering insights into quantitative structure–activity relationships.

Membrane fouling during electrodialysis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration processes results in a reduction in the dye/salt fractionation efficacy. Here, authors devise an electro-driven filtration process using tight ion-conductive ultrafiltration membrane for one-step, stable dye/salt fractionation.