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A modelling study suggests that Mars had a desert-like climate with intermittent liquid-water oases regulated by a negative feedback among solar luminosity, liquid water and carbonate formation.

Uniaxial magnetic anisotropy typically arises from either magnetocrystalline anisotropy or shape anisotropy. Here, Mohapatra et al, starting from low anisotropy and coercivity nanoparticles, show how under compression, nanoparticle chains/arrays form which exhibit significantly enhanced uniaxial anisotropy.

Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior has been observed within 1D defects in transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, using complementary experiments and engineered defects, the authors demonstrate the importance of graphene as a substrate and its role in the formation of this quasiparticle excitation in 2D WS₂.

This study in the Finnish population reveals genetic reduction of the complement factor CFHR5 as enhancing retinal health and reducing the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), suggesting new strategies for AMD prevention and treatment.

Here the authors develop a pipeline combining atomic force microscopy and deep learning to trace and quantify the structure of complex DNA molecules like replication intermediates and recombination products. Furthermore, they characterise surface deposition effects using simulations.

A consumption-based carbon accounting method that takes into account how national policy changes affect emissions redraws the global emissions map.

The field of regenerative medicine would greatly benefit from the study of a non-human primate model. Here, the authors prospectively isolated two quiescent stem cell populations from the non-human primate mouse lemur.

The Surface Water Ocean Topography mission observed week-long earth-shaking waves formed by landslide-induced tsunamis in an East Greenland fjord. Connecting these observations with seismic data confirms their existence and initial characteristics.

Signal recording from hundreds of microelectrodes on ultra-thin and flexible arrays is a challenge in neurotech. Here, the authors show that these recordings are compromised by crosstalk. An algorithm was developed to eliminate crosstalk offline, helping to come closer to ground truth data.

High-resolution observations of fine structure in the Sun’s corona hint at plasma features on the order of 10 km. A new adaptive optics system, Cona, lifts the veil of atmospheric blur over a fast-moving, twisted plasma stream as it becomes unstable.

Digital quantum simulations of fermionic models have so far been based on the Jordan–Wigner encoding, which is computationally expensive. An alternative and more efficient encoding scheme is now demonstrated in a trapped-ion quantum computer.

As presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting: in a randomized controlled phase 3 trial evaluating subcutaneous administration of sasanlimab, an anti-PD-1 inhibitor, with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin induction and maintenance treatment, combination treatment significantly improved event-free survival versus standard-of-care therapy.

Information-bearing templates that catalyse the assembly of complex macromolecules are a central motif of natural biochemistry, but their power remains largely unexplored in synthetic contexts. Enzyme-free templating of DNA dimerization has now been demonstrated, using DNA nanotechnology to ensure that the templates are effective information-propagating catalysts.

Multiomic analysis of blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms identifies a chromosome 21 amplicon harboring DYRK1A as a clonal and therapeutically targetable event in around a quarter of cases.

The new SWOT satellite mission tracks global water supply–demand and land-to-ocean water movement, leading the way towards an integrated satellite observatory that can help humanity adapt to Earth’s shifting water and energy systems.

JWST and Keck II spectral observations of Saturn’s moon Titan reveal methyl (CH₃) as well as non-local thermodynamic equilibrium emission bands of CO and CO₂. Imaging shows clouds in Titan’s northern hemisphere at several epochs, with some appearing to evolve in altitude.

Two fMRI studies (n = 358) show that cognitive regulation of negative emotion alters cortical activity but not amygdala or other subcortical areas. Regulation-related activity overlaps with emotion generation systems but also involves distinct areas.

As life expectancy increases, a systems-biology approach is needed to ensure that we have a healthy old age.

Patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with fetal tissue are assessed 3 years after surgery.

The Connectome Annotation Versioning Engine (CAVE) is a platform for proofreading, annotating and analyzing datasets reaching the petascale. Currently, CAVE is used for electron microscopy datasets, but it can potentially be used for other large-scale datasets.

In this Analysis, Liu et al. benchmark more than 200 pairwise statistics for functional brain connectivity in tasks such as hub mapping, distance relationships, structure–function coupling and behavior prediction, revealing varying effectiveness for specific neurophysiological applications.

Excessive complement C3 causes synaptic stripping and neurodegeneration. Here, the authors used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis and single-cell RNA sequencing to show that C3 expression defines disease-associated reactive glia. C3 deletion abrogated these pro-inflammatory glia and protected neurons.

Circadian clocks enable organisms to anticipate daily cycles, while being robust to molecular and environmental noise. Here, Eremina et al. show how the cyanobacterial clock buffers genetic and environmental perturbations through its core phosphorylation loop, and demonstrate that known clock regulators are dispensable for clock robustness.

Allen et al. introduce the Natural Scenes Dataset — high-resolution fMRI data from eight individuals scanned as they collectively viewed more than 70,000 natural images and performed a continuous recognition task. This resource promises to yield insights into visual perception and memory and to help bridge cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence.

A randomized clinical trial showing the superiority of behavioral treatment plus phentermine to behavioral treatment plus placebo for weight loss in those that previously had not responded to behavioral treatment.

Current digital hardware struggles with high computational demands in applications such as probabilistic AI. Here, authors present a small-scale thermodynamic computer composed of eight RLC circuits, demonstrating Gaussian sampling and matrix inversion, suggesting potential speed and energy efficiency advantages over digital GPUs.

Immunoaffinity isolation enables the identification of phosphotyrosine peptides on a global level.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

In the Multicellularity Long Term Evolution Experiment, diploid yeast evolve to be tetraploid under selection for larger multicellular size, revealing how whole-genome duplication can arise due to its immediate benefits, persist under selection, and fuel long-term innovations via aneuploidy.

Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.

A long- and short-read barley pan-transcriptome assembled from 20 diverse barley genotypes offers insights into genotype- and tissue-dependent gene expression and function.

The extent to which transformer-based language models provide a good model of human brain activity during natural language comprehension is unclear. Here, the authors show that the internal transformations performed by the network predict brain activity in cortical language network as measured by fMRI.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

A three-site Kitaev chain, constructed from three semiconducting quantum dots coupled by superconducting segments in a hybrid InSb/Al nanowire, shows enhanced robustness of edge zero-energy modes against variations in the coupling strengths or electrochemical potentials compared with a chain containing only two quantum dots.