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DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Here, the authors show that low-intensity exercise training in mice before sleep yields greater benefits than after waking for muscle contractile performance and systemic glucose tolerance, a phenomenon abolished by muscle-specific knockout of circadian clock genes Rev-erbα/β.

The netrin receptor UNC-40/DCC is required to recruit GABA_AR at neuromuscular junctions in C. elegans. Here, the authors show that UNC-40/DCC assembles an intracellular synaptic scaffold, regulating the content of GABA_AR and inhibitory neurotransmission.

Cancer cells exploit altered metabolic pathways to dynamically regulate epigenetic methylations. Here, the authors show the canonical metabolic and nonmetabolic functions of PRPS2 in enhancing ATP utilization and SAM biosynthesis, promoting RNA m⁶A methylation for lung tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) with Retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RARG) fusions have similarities to Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) but are not responsive to standard APL treatments. Here, the authors show the specific molecular mechanisms lead by RARG fusions in AML driving leukemogenesis and as potential therapeutic targets.

Wu and colleagues show that T_H17 cells arising in the gut in response to segmented filamentous bacteria can convert to highly mobile follicular helper T_FH17 cells, emigrate to the spleen and regulate auto-antibody production and arthritis severity.

Hong, Li and colleagues unveil a pivotal role of TET2 in heterochromatin relocalization, aberrant upregulation of endogenous retroviruses and overactivated innate immune response in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during aging.

This study describes sets of plasma proteins linked to AIDS- and noncommunicable disease-related deaths in people with HIV, revealing unique proteomic patterns that could improve the prediction of mortality and inform more targeted prevention and treatment.

Instability is a key challenge in aqueous sodium-ion batteries. Here, authors propose a Na-rich birnessite with high Na content and minimal Mn defects, suppressing Mn migration and its accompanying domino degradation effect, which enables a wide potential window and improved structural stability.

Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) play a pivotal role in the cross-presentation of antigens, enabling efficient CD8 + T cell response. Here authors show that the transcription factor Zeb1 essentially regulates this process via facilitating the reactive-oxygen-species-dependent rupture of phagosomal membrane to allow antigen export to the cytoplasm.

Guo, Hong et al. report that TET2 condensation maintains proper DNA demethylation at specific genomic loci, which can be targeted to alter gene expression and impair leukaemia growth.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Six-membered chiral lactams are common structural motifs of pharmaceuticals. Here, the authors describe a nickel-catalyzed reductive carbamoylation of alkenes to form enantioenriched six-membered lactams.

In this work, the authors demonstrate that LLPS of the quaternary USH2 protein complex initiates the formation of stereociliary ankle link condensates, providing insights into the pathogenesis of deafness.

Using more than 300 serum samples from individuals with an age range of 1-88 years old, the authors here show that older adults possess higher breadth of antibody reactivity to avian influenza virus (AIV) neuraminidases, potentially explaining the age-specific risks of AIV human infections.

Targeted black phosphorus nanosheet-based therapeutics that efficiently deliver resolvin D1 to lesional macrophages for the treatment of atherosclerosis by reducing oxidative stress and resolving inflammation have been discussed.

Twisting vertically stacked individual layers of two-dimensional materials can trigger exciting fundamental physics and advanced electronic device applications. Here, the authors report five times enhancement in vertical heterojunction conductivity on rotating MoS₂ over graphene.

This work investigates the mechanoluminescence of Mn²⁺ -doped SrZnOS under rapid compression up to 10 GPa at different rates. Oscillatory mechanoluminescent phenomenon and rate-dependent mechanoluminescent kinetics are reported.

Life activities are inextricably linked to the regulation of trace copper ions. Here, the authors report a deep learning-assisted electrochemical sensor for single-atom detection of copper ions based on click chemistry and fast scan voltammetry.

The off-target effects of any CRISPR-based genome editor are identified with Tracking-seq.

Quantum speed limits are fundamental constraints on the speed of quantum state evolution. Here, the authors observe the known maximal quantum speed limits for few and many-body states on a superconducting quantum processor and identify the minimal quantum speed limits, which are less common than maximal ones.

Epigenetic changes can drive drug resistance in cancer. Here, the authors show that in BET inhibitor resistant leukaemia cells, genome-wide enhancer remodelling drives therapeutic resistance and targeting enhancer plasticity may overcome this resistance.

The management of charge carrier recombination and transport in heterojunction back contact solar cells poses significant challenges in achieving a high efficiency. Here, authors analyze various loss mechanisms of devices fabricated by laser patterning, and achieve a certified efficiency of 27.09%.

Tailored to provide diabetes management recommendations from large training and validation datasets, an artificial intelligence system integrating language and computer vision capabilities is shown to improve self-management of patients in a prospective implementation study.

Ovarian cancer diagnosis can be complex and can be improved through integration of multimodal data. Here, the authors develop OvcaFinder which can significantly outperform clinical models using ultrasound images and known clinical characteristics.

The geographical distribution of dengue in China has been expanding this century. Here, the authors report the spatiotemporal distribution of dengue in China using surveillance data from 2013–2020 and combine it with mosquito abundance and human mobility data to simulate transmission at the city scale.

Deletion of cas3(type I-Fa) significantly reduced the biofilm formation, virulence and pathogenicity to mice. Mechanism analysis proved that this maybe because cas3 can lead to the down-regulation of biofilm formation related factors and ompA.

The metabolic regulator protein family, mTOR, regulate natural killer (NK) cell development and function, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the authors show that Raptor/mTORC1 and Rictor/mTORC2 form a feedback crosstalk network to variegate cytokine and cellular signaling and modulate NK maturation and effector functions.

Authors carry out a genomic analysis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, noting subclonal expansion, associated with the emergence of a hypervirulent subpopulation.

Li et al. perform a phase 2 single-arm clinical trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus checkpoint blockade in participants with resectable muscle-invasive bladder cancer and conduct genomic and transcriptomic profiling to describe molecular subtypes.

Zhou et al. revealed that the light-COP1-spliceosome module, through mediating nuclear detainment of intron-retained transcripts, displays an essential role in regulating seedling photomorphogenic development.

Here, the authors fabricate a metasurface with nanometre-sized plasmonic hotspots that interact coherently with WS₂ excitons, achieving ultrastrong exciton-plasmon coupling.

Fu, Sun, Xue, Zhou et al. show that the mitoprotease LONP1 selectively degrades a complex II component to control intracellular succinate levels, which is needed for white-to-beige adipocyte cell fate programming during adipocyte thermogenic remodelling.

Jellyfish represent a critical step in the evolution of early animal movement systems. Here, the authors identify adaptive genetic bases explaining the loss of statocysts in Turritopsis rubra and its ability for reverse development.

Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light matter quasi-particles, which can occur in systems exhibiting strong light-matter coupling. Here, Wang et al study exciton-polaritons in the van der Waals antiferromagnetic material, CrSBr, coupled to a Tamm plasmon microcavity and find the exciton-polaritons are sensitive to and can be tuned by the magnetic order of CrSBr.

Using combined methods of modern chemical protein synthesis and structural biology, Ai et al. found a crosstalk mechanism of histone modifications, by which H2BK34ub stimulates the activity of the H3K79 methyltransferase Dot1L through inducing nucleosome distortion.

Mitochondrial function is important for muscle maintenance and function, and mitochondrial proteolysis maintains mitochondrial integrity and function. Here the authors report that that loss of LONP1-dependent mitochondrial proteolysis in muscle causes reduced muscle mass and strength via activation of autophagy.

Defect engineering of 2 dimensional layered double hydroxide sheets improves their photocatalytic activity. Here, the authors etch sheets in acid and show that the etched sheets generate substantially more reactive oxygen species that untreated sheets and the treated sheets can be used to kill cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Calcium channel blockers are used as treatments for hypertension, angina and pain. Yang et al.show that diverse cytosolic calcium channel-binding proteins act as blockers when targeted to the plasma membrane, and suggest how this property might be used to screen for small-molecule inhibitors.

The RIG-I like receptors sense RNA viruses and initiate antiviral immunity. Here the authors screen 375 definite ubiquitin ligases and propose UBR5 promotes RLR transcription by disengaging the TRIM28-imposed brake on the RLR promoters.