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Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Maintaining proper reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is critical for cellular and individual health, yet its dynamic nature encumbers monitoring and assessment. Here the authors propose a platform using mass cytometry-based detection, termed SN-ROP, to identify distinct ROS profiles associated with specific immune cell functions and disease states.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

mRNA modifications like m⁵C are typically introduced by tRNA-modifying enzymes, while the catalytic mechanism and function remain debated. Here, the authors show that NSUN6 catalyzes tRNA and mRNA substrates in different ways, and that NSUN6 promotes breast cancer cell migration through mRNA m⁵C modification.

The isolation of a crystalline radical cation carbon(I) species, generated via single-electron transfer between a carbodicarbene and a nitroaromatic compound, is reported. The resulting radical ion pair can mediate various C–O and C–C cross-coupling reactions with electron-deficient arenes bearing a leaving group.

Licensing of eukaryotic origins of replication with MCM double hexamers (DHs) can occur through distinct pathways. Here, Lim et al. show that in yeast, cell cycle-dependent regulation of DH formation by CDK and origin structure have co-evolved.

CRISPR systems are powerful tools for gene editing and diagnostics, but their regulation is challenging. Here, the authors present DNACas, a light-controlled method using photocleavable phosphorothioate DNA to modulate CRISPR activity, enabling precise gene editing and one-pot diagnostic detection.

Peptidoglycan fragments derived from gut bacteria modulate aspects of the host’s health. Here, Li et al. profile peptidoglycan fragments in the host gut and show that one of them, the disaccharide GlcNAc-MurNAc, acts as a mild TLR4 agonist and protects against gut inflammation.

Zhang et al. report the incorporation of copper halide perovskite nanocrystals into glass fibre arrays for high-resolution remote scintillation over 5 m without crosstalk. Real-time and 3D X-ray imaging are demonstrated employing 1600 densely packed fibres with a single pixel diameter of about 10.4 µm.

Xiang et al. use patient samples and mouse models of osteoarthritis to examine the link with muscle atrophy. They identify that, in osteoarthritis, senescent macrophages promote ferroptosis in skeletal muscle cells, and they show the therapeutic value of targeting this pathological mechanism.

The neurotransmitter serotonin regulates cancer through receptor-signaling activation, but also epigenetics mechanisms by serotonylation. Here, the authors show that histone serotonylation promotes pancreatic cancer progression by upregulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which remodels lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential target for therapy.

The zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma has complex developmental programs to accommodate different lifestyles that are important for parasite transmission and pathogenesis. Here, the authors discover a novel chromatin remodeling complex containing SNF2L in Toxoplasma and report its crucial roles in regulating the parasite’s developmental programs.

This study demonstrated that different types of HC-Pros from potyviruses exhibit varying capacities to inhibit HEN1. This results in distinct levels of autophagic AGO1 degradation, which in turn leads to differences in RNA silencing suppression efficiency.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Cell-cell communication often induces crosstalk between multiple pathways through shared regulators that are often overlooked. Here, the authors present SigXTalk, a hypergraph-based machine learning method that quantifies cell-cell communication crosstalk from single-cell RNA-seq data.

The retention of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the mesangium leads to pathogenesis in IgA nephropathy. Here the authors report that Gd-IgA1 is internalized by mesangial cells potentially via transferrin receptor 1, forming aggregates that disrupt lysosomal function and elicit inflammation.

The authors present a Mn incorporation strategy to enhance the stability of PdH_x metallenes by locking interstitial H atoms via strong electronic interactions in the immiscible alloy, resulting in an improved alkaline oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability at working temperature around 353 K.

Certain antimetabolites used to treat cancer are more neurotoxic than others, and it is now shown that this is due to their greater tendency to generate DNA double-stranded breaks, whereas less neurotoxic agents induce single-stranded breaks.

Disruption of dendritic cell (DC) interstitial motility in the tumour microenvironment promotes immune evasion, and enhancement of DC interstitial motility offers a route for DC-centric immunotherapy.

FeGe is an antiferromagnetic kagome metal with a rich magnetic and electronic phase diagram. Recently it was found that post-growth annealing of FeGe can suppress or induce charge density wave order depending on the annealing temperature. Here, Klemm, Siddique et al show the critical role that annealing induced Ge-vacancies and stacking faults play in the formation of charge density wave order in FeGe.

High-content protein arrays were used to identify cysteine dioxygenase (CDO1) as a small-molecule glue target for the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase and induces VHL-dependent proteasomal degradation of CDO1 in cells.

The RNA binding protein hnRNPL is recruited to chromatin by the PIK3CB promoter-transcribed non-coding RNA and forms phase-separated condensates, which activates PIK3CB transcription and glycolysis, thus promoting ovarian cancer progression.

Low glume coverage is the preferred for easy threshing in grain production, but the genetic basis remains unclear. Here, the authors report the gene GC1, which encodes an atypical G protein γ subunit, negatively regulates sorghum glume coverage and the naturally truncated alleles can be useful in the naked grain breeding.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

Protein structures are predicted by integrating deep learning potentials with iterative threading fragment assembly simulations.

This work shows an iron molecular catalyst for water oxidation, a critical reaction for renewable energy technologies. The excellent performance of the catalyst is attributed to an intermediate dinuclear structure formed via spin crossover.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

In locusts, the aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole is derived from dietary phenylalanine, and its production is dependent on two 4-vinylphenol methyltransferases that are potential targets for locust pest control.

A superconducting diode bridge based on superconducting diodes can function as a full-wave rectifier with an efficiency up to 42 ± 5%, and can offer alternating current to direct current signal conversion capabilities at frequencies up to 40 kHz.

Structures associated with the final steps of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and gap filling present new targets for NHEJ inhibition to enhance efficacy of radiotherapy and accuracy of gene editing.

An ultra-compact, ultra-wide-bandwidth in-phase/quadrature modulator on a silicon chip is demonstrated, enabling coherent transmission for symbol rates up to 180 Gbaud and a net bit rate surpassing 1 Tb s⁻¹ over an 80 km span, with modulation energy consumption as low as 10.4 fJ bit⁻¹, and promising enhanced performance and scalability for future networking infrastructures.

Targeted degradation has the potential to treat diseases associated with pathological protein build up. Here, the authors report on an oligo-PROTAC which degrades FUS, a protein associated with frontotemporal dementia, demonstrating delivery on DNA nanoflowers for increase blood-brain barrier crossing and retention.

Wei et al. found that the nuclear E3 ligase ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5 (UBR5) ubiquitinated VGLL4 at Lys61 for its degradation, which permits Hippo–YAP signaling for the development of liver biliary system in mice and multiple cancers in humans.

C−H bond functionalization is widely used in chemical synthesis but achieving regio- and stereoselectivity is still challenging. Here, the authors report the mechanism of three Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in bicyclomycin synthesis, which depicts the natural strategy to sequentially hydroxylate specific C–H bonds of similar substrates (cyclodipeptides)

Wei, Bai, Wang, and colleagues present HypnoS, a genetically-encoded fluorescent sensor for the real-time monitoring of intracellular adenosine (iAdo) in a cell type-specific manner. They monitor iAdo dynamics during seizures or sleep-wake cycles with high spatiotemporal resolution in the brain of living animals.

The integration of epitaxial complex oxides on semiconductor and flexible substrates is required but challenging. Here, the authors report the highly heterogeneous epitaxy of transferrable BaTiO_3-δ membrane with enhanced flexoelectricity on Ge (011).

The authors present a 3.5-million-year-long pollen record from the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 3,442 m above sea level. The ~5,000 pollen assemblages retrieved from the core reveal many ecosystem transitions during this time and, when correlated with climatic curves, indicate what effects future warming may have on regional vegetation.

The mechanism of lipoprotein sorting to the bacterial cell surface is still unclear. Here, authors determine the crystal structures of paLptDE-LptM and apo-paLptDE, providing insights into how SLPs are transported to the cell surface via LptDE.

It is difficult to spatially resolve molecular orbitals of molecules on highly reactive semiconductor surfaces. Here, Xu et al.use scanning tunnelling microscopy to study pyridazine molecules on a clean germanium surface, and hybridized molecular orbitals are directly imaged.

Tao et al. study the role of TRMT6 in colorectal cancer, where it is upregulated and show that TRMT6 supports histone biosynthesis by stabilizing tRNA-Lys-TTT-1-1. Targeting TRMT6 reduced histone mRNA translation in a codon-biased manner.

PM_2.5 pollution partially counteracts vegetation greening trends by delaying green-up dates and reducing photosynthetic activity. This study shows that the negative feedback between PM_2.5 pollution and terrestrial carbon uptake introduces unforeseen uncertainty in China’s carbon neutrality goals.

Wei et al. report that MBD2 forms condensates through phase separation in diverse cancers where it assembles the NuRD complex. MBD2 condensates are redox-sensitive and mediate transcriptional repression in cancer cells.

A mixed-dimensional hot-emitter transistor based on mixed-dimensional graphene/germanium Schottky junctions uses stimulated emission of heated carriers, achieving an ultralow subthreshold swing and a high negative differential resistance.

Spatiotemporal beams differ from standard spatial structured light. The authors introduce 2D spacetime duality to uncover the conventional–spatiotemporal beam connection, enabling the development of high-fidelity spatiotemporal beams.

Sandwich-type clusters containing heterometallic interlayers have remained elusive. Here, the authors present the structure of a cluster composed of two aromatic nonagermanide caps flanking an heterometallic Ge@Pd₃ planar fragment, where the Ge center is formally zerovalent.

A wafer-scale self-rolled-up membrane platform is developed for radio-frequency on-chip passive components like inductors and capacitors on a 4-inch sapphire wafer. The authors demonstrate compact metal self-rolled-up membrane inductors with improved inductance and higher quality factor achieved by post-electroplating.

Graphene-base transistors were originally proposed for high-frequency applications, but the height of the emitter potential barrier limits the transistor performance towards the THz range. Here, the authors fabricate a vertical silicon-graphene-germanium transistor with a Schottky emitter enabling a transition from MHz to GHz operation.