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This study provides an evidence database on climate change in cities, highlighting that small and fast-growing cities, especially in Asia and Africa, are underresearched, which has contributed to biases and validity issues in past Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change climate change assessments.

In situ cryoEM and modelling of the Campylobacter jejuni flagellar motor characterize the periplasmic scaffold and the structural basis for increased torque generation.

Currently, the biological and clinical implications of copy number alteration (CNA) size heterogeneity and co-occurrence are incompletely understood. Here, the authors use 691 meningiomas and 29 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas to develop size-dependent CNA and CNA co-occurrence models to optimize individualized pan-cancer risk stratification.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

An analysis of data from the Sherlock-Lung study provides insight into the mutational processes that contribute to lung cancer in never smokers, and looks at the possible role of factors such as air pollution and passive smoking.

The heterogenous nature of rheumatoid arthritis renders the prediction of responsiveness to biological treatments difficult. Here the authors analyze bulk RNA-seq data from the STRAP trial (n = 208) to build a machine-learning model for predicting responses to etanercept, tocilizumab and rituximab with AUCs around 0.75 to potentially assist in therapy planning.

In Alzheimer’s disease cohorts with whole genome sequencing and tau and amyloid-β, the authors show that sex, APOE-ε4 and TREM2 impact tau via both Aβ and tau pathways. APOE-ε4 homozygotes and TREM2 carriers showed greater neocortical tau pathology.

The study advances the use of serological surveys to guide trachoma elimination program decisions and provides a way to set thresholds for whether or not to continue an intervention program.

Authors report MagNet, a plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment strategy using magnetic beads. Proteomic interrogation of this plasma EV fraction enables the detection of proteins that are beyond the dynamic range of mass spectrometry of unfractionated plasma.

Cascadia is a mass spectrometry-based de novo sequencing model that uses a transformer architecture to handle data-independent acquisition data and achieves substantially improved performance across a range of instruments and experimental protocols.

The estimation of low energies of many-body systems is a cornerstone of the computational quantum sciences. This paper demonstrates on a superconducting quantum processor that the Krylov quantum diagonalization algorithm is poised to complement its classical counterparts at the foundation of computational methods for quantum systems.

A study reports the development of a method to trace intercellular transfer of mitochondria, and demonstrates that cancer cells that receive mitochondria from neurons have enhanced metastatic capabilities.

Engineering motif-specific 'hot spots' into an antibody scaffold yields antibodies with high affinity to targets containing phosphoserine, phosphothreonine or phosphotyrosine.

Multifunctional polyketide synthases (PKSs) can be an attractive platform for biomanufacturing. Here, the authors report an automated retrobiosynthesis tool, BioPKS pipeline, that integrates the design of PKSs with enzymatic chemistry to propose biosynthetic routes.

A dysprosium amide–alkene complex shows soft magnetic hysteresis loops up to 100 kelvin, arising from the high charge density of the amide ligands and the structural role of the pendant alkene.

Eye2Gene’s next-generation phenotyping of multimodal images increases diagnostic yield for inherited retinal diseases by improving screening, phenotype-driven variant prioritization and automatic similarity matching in phenotypic space to drive gene discovery.

Khan et al. show that Sec18 uses both D1 and D2 AAA+ rings cooperatively, opening them laterally for SNARE substrate loading and for subsequent release of SNAREs.

Cellular quiescence is a reversible dormant state that helps cells survive stress, support tissue regeneration, and promote longevity. Here, the authors show that blocking ribosomal RNA production by rapid depletion of RNase MRP induces a long-lasting quiescence-like state in human cells.

A theoretical foundation for entrapment methods is presented, along with a method that enables more accurate evaluation of false discovery rate (FDR) control in proteomics mass spectrometry analysis pipelines. Evaluation of popular data-dependent acquisition tools indicates that these generally seem to control the FDR, but data-independent acquisition tools exhibit inconsistent control of the FDR at both the peptide and protein levels.

The validation of inhibitors targeting PurF, a novel drug target for tuberculosis drug discovery, is described.

A 50 microRNA-based dynamic risk score for stratifying individuals with and without type 1 diabetes was developed using samples obtained from multicenter and multiethnic cohorts.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Control of crystallisation is important in biogenic and pathological biomineralisation. Here, the authors report on phosphorylated molecules that mimic proteins which can suppress calcium oxalate nucleation and irreversibly inhibit crystal growth in ways that significantly deviate from commonly investigated carboxylate-rich modulators of biomineralization.

A digital pathology tool for the autonomous detection of AI hallucinations in virtually stained images does not require histochemical staining.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Wood density is a key control on tree biomass, and understanding its spatial variation improves estimates of forest carbon stock. Sullivan et al. measure >900 forest plots to quantify wood density and produce high resolution maps of its variation across South American tropical forests.

In this Consensus Statement, the authors outline strategies for processing, analysing and interpreting low-biomass microbiome samples, and provide recommendations to minimize contaminants.

A comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in the human prefrontal cortex.

Robbie Waugh and colleagues report that the EARLINESS PER SE (EPS2) locus is associated with spring growth habit and environmental adaptation in barley. Resequencing the barley homolog of CENTRORADIALIS, located within the EPS2 locus, in 216 spring and 207 winter barley accessions identified haplotypes at HvCEN that correspond with winter or spring growth habit.

In this genomic analysis of peripheral blood samples of the phase 3 CheckMate-067 trial of ipilimumab (IPI) versus nivolumab (NIVO) versus ipilimumab and nivolumab (IPI-NIVO) in melanoma, the status of certain mitochondrial haplogroups in patients was associated therapeutic resistance to NIVO or IPI-NIVO, a finding validated in an independent cohort.

In this study, the authors describe SANA, a nitroalkene derivative of salicylate, as a potential activator of creatine-dependent energy expenditure and thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Preclinical and clinical data from this paper also suggest that SANA improves glucose homeostasis and promotes weight loss in mice and humans.

The mechanisms underlying the regulation of the skin thermal barrier are poorly understood. Here the authors show that the thermal properties of the skin are reactive to diet and that skin is a target for dietary fat delivery.

Multimodal results (iEEG, fMRI and MEG) of predictions from integrated information theory and global neuronal workspace theory align with some predictions of both theories on visual consciousness, but also critically challenge key tenets of both theories.

The study of insulating material by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is limited by charging artefacts. Here, the authors report an interleaved scanning approach on frozen-hydrated biological samples that fosters charge dissipation and attenuates artefacts.

It is important to understand the correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants for future vaccine design. Here, the authors show that the complement system enhances the antibody-mediated neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 via increased inhibition of virus-host interactions.

A wireless device for measuring bioimpedance during breastfeeding allows accurate quantification of the volume of expressed milk in 12 new mothers in a neonatal intensive care unit and in home settings.

Excitatory neurons in the neocortex exhibit considerable morphological diversity, yet their organizational principles remain a subject of ongoing research. Here, the authors use unsupervised learning to show that most excitatory neuron morphologies in the mouse visual cortex form a continuum, with notable exceptions in deeper layers.

An analysis demonstrates that quantitative measurements of perisomatic ultrastructure features of neurons can be used to categorize them into cell types.

The Mass Spectrometry Query Language (MassQL) is an open-source language that enables instrument-independent searching across mass spectrometry data for complex patterns of interest via concise and expressive queries without the need for programming skills.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

The underlying mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy remains not fully understood. Here, the authors use optical neuroimaging in mice and humans to show that electroconvulsive therapy elicits a second brain event after seizure—spreading depolarization—a previously hidden phenomenon that may help to understand and optimize this treatment.

The MmpL5/MmpS5 efflux system is crucial for drug extrusion and siderophore export in M. tuberculosis. Here, the authors report its high-resolution cryo-EM structures, revealing a unique trimeric assembly and a flexible extracellular stalk.

Transcranial focused ultrasound can be used for neuromodulation, but its use in wearable systems remains challenging. The authors present a miniaturised wearable ultrasound device, integrated with a bioadhesive hydrogel for stable, long-term somatosensory cortical stimulation.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Acetic acid efficiently depolymerizes aliphatic and aromatic epoxy-amine thermosets used in carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) to yield recoverable monomers and pristine carbon fibres, which, based on process modelling, techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment, could enable industrial recycling of CFRPs.

Influenza A HA plasticity often leads to resistant strains that compromise mAb potency as bivalent IgGs. Here, the authors show that engineered IgM molecules overcome this resistance by expanded avidity but still provide potent neutralization and in vivo protection while retaining parental IgG specificity.