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A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Employing appropriate catalysts in room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries can significantly enhance performance. Here, authors utilize natural language processing techniques in conjunction with a binary descriptor to screen preferrable single-atom catalysts to achieve high specific capacity.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Here, the authors develop an antiferromagnet/topological insulator heterostructure, MnSe/(Bi,Sb)₂Te₃, to obtain laser-induced transient magnetic moment and optically controllable circularly polarized ultrafast terahertz pulse generation, under zero external magnetic field.

Advanced membranes for industrial-scale water electrolysis hold promise yet pose challenges. Here, the authors report a two-step casting and phase separation strategy to design a composite membrane with differentially structured pores that combines ion transport and gas barrier functions.

Single-atom catalysts commonly present a random distribution of the active metal centres. Now a series of Mg-rich intermetallic compounds is introduced to enable ordered dispersed active metals. Furthermore, a cascade process is demonstrated on Mg₂₉Pd_1.3Rh_2.7, where Pd sites catalyse the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene with subsequent hydroformylation on Rh sites.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Liver transplantation can be an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, however, outcomes can be variable. Here, the authors use multi-omics to develop subgroups and identify a CAF-related classification.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

How D-type cyclins become dysregulated in cancer remains to be understood. Here, the authors identify that F-box protein FBXO32 catalyzes the K27-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent stabilization of D-type cyclins, contributing to cancer progression in both liver and pancreatic tumor models.

The acetylene hydrogenation activity and stability of a palladium single-atom catalyst are both controlled by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the oxide support.

In this study the authors present the Thogoto virus polymerase cryo-EM structures and reveal unique RNA synthesis mechanisms among orthomyxoviruses. RNA synthesis by Thogoto virus polymerase is shown to be weakly dependent on the host factors ANP32A/B/E in human cells in contrast to influenza viruses.

Two-dimensional materials could be good platforms to study the extremely subtle mechanical behaviors. Here, the authors measure an anomalous isotope effect on the mechanical properties of boron nitride monolayers, originated from ultrafine isotopic nuclear charge.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) is an enzyme involved in glucose production that also regulates lipogenesis and has been linked to liver steatosis. Here the authors report that deficiency of Pck1 in the liver leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via activation of the RhoA/PI3K/AKT pathway in a study with male mice.

Deciphering the relationship between radical stability and electrochemiluminescence performance is important since the stability of electrochemically generated radicals has an impact on the efficiency and durability of excited state generation. Here, the authors describe a volcano shaped relationship via modulating the electron affinity of three acrylonitrile-linked covalent organic frameworks.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

The underlying mechanisms for drug resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are not completely understood. Here, the authors show that succinate accumulation, associated with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, impairs the activity of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC12 leading to tumor-promoting protein accumulation and drug resistance in AML.

This study of Chinese endometrioid endometrial carcinomas describes the proteogenomic differences between early-onset and late-onset tumors, finding that SIGLEC10 mutation may contribute to tumorigenesis and progestin resistance in early cases.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.

Immunosuppression as a result of severe infection impairs pathogen clearance and can increase susceptibility to secondary infection. Here, the authors dissect how T cell aging and the thymic involution that occurs during this process contribute to immunosuppression and find a key role for IL-33.

Developing high-performance and mechanically robust active-layer systems is crucial to commercializing flexible organic solar cells. Here, authors design small molecule acceptors with ethyl ester side chains and achieve certified efficiency of over 19% for mechanically robust devices.

Chromosome-scale genome assemblies of triploid Cavendish and Gros Michel reveal the banana cultivars’ origins, disease resistance and fruit ripening mechanism.

Generative models face challenges with low synthesizability of generated molecules. Here, authors develop ClickGen, a deep learning model using modular reactions and reinforcement learning to generate highly diverse, novel, and synthesizable molecules

The non-coding genome of T-ALL has not been extensively studied. Here, the authors conduct RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and Hi-C seq analyses and find that T-ALL associated neo-loops may regulate key transcription factors including HOXA13; the aberrant expression of which is associated with poor prognosis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has clinical presentations with and without nasal polyps (NP). Here the authors characterize human CRS with NP (CRSwNP) and show that neutrophil associated disease is characterized by IL-1 signaling via fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and that a similar phenotype and functional profile can be demonstrated in mouse models.

Numerous methods for transition metal-catalysed hydrosilylation exist but iridium catalysis offers attractive advantages. Here the authors describe a broadly-applicable method for the Markovnikov hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes using a commercial iridium catalyst.

Lin et al. show that MCM8 protects vascular health by mediating nitric-oxide-dependent mitophagy. The common East-Asian MCM8-P276 variant is ineffective in mitophagy, which potentiates cGAS-STING and type I interferon signaling in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease.

Several polymorphs of borophene have been synthesized on metal substrates, but typically as monolayers. Now large-size, single-crystalline bilayer borophene has been grown on Cu(111)—a sufficient electron provider to enable the bonding of the second boron layer. The resulting bilayer possesses a metallic character and is less susceptible to oxidation than its monolayer counterpart.

Tropical aboveground biomass carbon is a crucial, yet complex, component of the terrestrial C budget. Here remote observations demonstrate that fire emissions and post-fire recovery in non-forested African biomes dominate the interannual variability of aboveground biomass carbon, which acts as a moderate net C sink.

Realizing robust ferromagnetic order in two dimensions is challenging as an underlying crystalline framework is normally required. Now room-temperature ferromagnetism is demonstrated in a two-dimensional honeycomb self-assembly of confined molecules.

The advancement of sodium halide solid-state electrolytes can propel high-energy-density all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries. Here, the authors present a LaCl₃-based electrolyte facilitating rapid Na⁺ ion conduction along the c-axis diffusion channel, ensuring high capacity even at elevated current densities.

Increased nutrient uptake of cancer cells offers a possible therapeutic target. Here, the authors designed a nanoparticle to deliver phenylboronic-acid-modified cholesterol which reacts in cancer cells to trigger Gaucher disease-like metabolic damage to tumour cells, demonstrating potential application.

Wang et al. propose EasIFA, an efficient enzyme active site annotation algorithm, to advance various fields including drug discovery, disease research, enzyme engineering, and synthetic biology.

Whole-genome resequencing of 418 diverse rapeseed accessions and genome-wide association analyses for 56 agronomic traits provide insights into the genetic architecture and artificial selection or adaptation during modern rapeseed breeding.

Manufacturing of perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions is desirable. Meng et al. show that dimethylammonium formate suppresses halide oxidation and deprotonation of organic cations, enabling air-processed inverted solar cells with 24.7% efficiency.

The genome of the tropical blue-petal water lily Nymphaea colorata and the transcriptomes from 19 other Nymphaeales species provide insights into the early evolution of angiosperms.