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Substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles find extensive use in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Herein, the authors report the synthesis of multi-functionalized 1,3,4- thiadiazoles via sulfur-mediated direct coupling between primary nitroalkanes and acyl hydrazines.

Tailored non-aqueous electrolyte solutions are formulated using data obtained from extensive analytical measurements and analyses. These optimized electrolytes improve the cycling performance of single-layer stack lithium metal pouch cells, particularly in lean electrolyte conditions.

Ionic or molecular transport in conventional polymeric membranes often suffers from a trade-off between permeability and selectivity. The authors report on an interfacial polymer cross-linking strategy to produce a robust, permeable and selective 3-µm-thick ultrathin polymeric membrane containing quasi-ordered reticular cross-linking structures.

The diversity and genomic resources of Brassicaceae make it an ideal model for studying karyotype evolution. Here, the authors reconstruct ancestral karyotypes of Camelinodae and Brassicodae, identify cascading fusions, and highlight their stable inheritance and role in evolutionary relationships.

High temperature impairs tomato fruit set. Here, the authors identify the TSP4a-TSP4b module, homologous to IAA9 and AINTEGUMENTA, which promotes parthenocarpy by suppressing auxin signaling, thereby boosting yield under heat stress.

A set of neurons in the peri-locus coeruleus region controls arousal and avoidance states, providing an understanding of the neurobiological basis of arousal and exploratory behaviours.

Functionalization of unsymmetrical internal alkenes usually takes place with low regioselectivity, giving a mixture of isomers. Now, a highly regio- and enantioselective remote 1,n-dioxygenation of internal alkenes using a palladium catalyst has been developed for the synthesis of chiral 1,n-diols. Regioselectivity tuning was demonstrated by altering the rate-determining step, enabled by the phenyl-substituted Pyox ligand.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

This research identifies a regulatory role for the receptor-like kinase FERONIA in Arabidopsis roots, finding that it balances growth and immunity by activating localized immunity in response to bacterial colonization.

Continuous shape morphing for small robots can offer advantages, but it is difficult to perform tasks if they are not stiff enough. Xu et al. present here a design combining liquid crystal elastomers and shape memory polymers to lock morphable elements in place.

Reflection interference microscopy provides dynamic, non-invasive, operando imaging capabilities that enable the solid–electrolyte interphase formation and evolution of a battery to be mapped in real time with high sensitivity.

Acute stress activates autophagy in the lateral habenula, whereas chronic stress suppresses it, with this autophagy having a causal role in maintaining emotional homeostasis against stress, and its restoration through autophagy enhancers offers a novel antidepressant strategy.

Replacement of oxoamide units with thioamides in peptide therapeutics is a valuable tactic to improve biological activity and resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. Here, the authors develop a direct coupling of readily available nitroalkane and amines with elemental sulfur and base and provide an efficient way to form thioamides and thiopeptides.

The cryo-EM structures of SOS1 in the auto-inhibited and activated states reveal that SOS1 undergoes an inhibition–release process upon activation and uses an elevator transport mechanism for Na⁺/H⁺ exchange in response to salt stress.

Perovskite solar cells often rely on ordered molecular contacts for favourable charge-carrier transport, and any organizational disruption reduces device efficiency. Now a contact featuring an orthogonal π-skeleton has been shown to afford a high resilience to external stimuli plus long-term durability in accelerated-ageing tests.

Methods that enable the cleavage of Si−C(sp³) bonds catalytically remain rare. Here the authors report the synthesis of spirosilacycles via palladium-catalysed spiro-sila-cyclization of trialkylsilane derivatives; the reaction proceeds via cleavage of a C(sp³)−Si bond and insertion of an alkylpalladium complex.

A ketogenic diet can reduce calorie absorption and protect against obesity by inducing changes to the gut microbiota and the bile acid pool.

Phenazine biosynthesis-like ___domain-containing protein (PBLD) and cedrelone play roles in tumor suppression. Here, authors suggest that PBLD and Cedrelone inhibit viral replication via activating the NF-κB-mediated IFN-I signaling response in cells and mice.

Developing donor-acceptor [n]cycloparaphenylenes (D-A [n]CPPs) with multiple emissions from different emissive states remains challenging for achieving white-light emission in single-molecule. Here, the authors report acceptor engineering of quinone-based D-A [10]CPPs via a post-lateral annulation to yield white-light emission.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the main cause of hypothyroidism. Here the authors develop a deep learning model for diagnosis of HT on a large multi-site dataset including image and video data.

Quantum dot LED brightness can be enhanced at low driving voltage using a monolayer of large quantum dots to reduce the packing number in the emitting layer and minimize heat generation.

Previous observations of high-energy exciton electroluminescence rely on filling the ground state with excessive charges, Wang et al. report such observation from quantum dots at low charge concentration by increasing the relative oscillator strength of higher-lying light holes comparing to that of ground-state heavy holes.

[n]Peri-acenes have attracted interest as promising candidates for nanoelectronics and spintronics but the synthesis of large (n > 4) [n]peri-acenes is extremely challenging due to their intrinsic open-shell radical character and high reactivity. Herein, the authors report the synthesis and isolation of a derivative of peri-hexacene in crystalline form.

Wearable sensors with edge computing are desired for human motion monitoring. Here, the authors demonstrate a topographic design for wearable MXene sensor modules with wireless streaming or in-sensor computing models for avatar reconstruction.

Enveloped viruses encased within a lipid bilayer membrane are highly contagious and cause diseases like influenza and COVID-19, so strategies for their prevention and inactivation are needed. Here, the authors develop a diatomic iron nanozyme with lipoxidase-like activity for the inactivation of enveloped viruses, where the diatomic iron sites destroy the viral envelope via lipid peroxidation.

A chemist-intuited atomic robotic probe is developed that enables autonomous site-selective manipulation of magnetic nanographenes with atomic precision and aids in reaction mechanism elucidation through the incorporation of learned knowledge and artificial intelligence, leading to the intelligent synthesis of these materials.

The mechanism by which the chromatinized HBV genome is transcribed remains poorly understood. In this study, Liu et al. demonstrate how HBx exploits Spindlin1, a histone methylation reader, to overcome heterochromatin barriers and enhance HBV transcription from the cccDNA minichromosome.

Materials for multifunctional molecular recognition are essential in industry. Here, the authors present a cost-effective, stable and multifunctional Ni-cubane MOF that effectively separates hexane isomers, xenon/krypton, and carbon dioxide/nitrogen.

The development of n-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) has been held back due to stability issues. Here the authors report that vitamin C improves both the performance and stability of n-type OSCs and devices.

Bile acids are important for the absorption of nutrients. Here the authors provide a molecular explanation for the oscillatory release of bile acids, showing that diurnal expression of the transcription factor KLF15 regulates FGF15 secretion from enterocytes, which then inhibits bile acid synthesis in the liver.

Breviscapine is the flavonoid extract from medical plant Erigeron breviscapus for the treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease. Here, the authors identify the key enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway from the plant genome and engineer yeast to produce breviscapine from glucose.

The impact of positive environment stimulations (eustress) on cancer biology remains poorly understood. Here the authors show that exposure to an environment enrichment stimulates anti-tumor immunity and reduces tumor growth in preclinical models of liver cancer.

The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cause of low efficacy of immunotherapies in these tumours. In this study, the authors delineate a FLI1-mediated Kyn metabolic mechanism as an immune evasion mechanism in NPC and they show that pharmacological inhibition of FLI1 improves both spontaneous and checkpoint therapy-induced immune responses.

Piezoresistors can be used in strain sensors for soft machines, but the traditional design process relies on intuition and human ingenuity alone. Haitao Yang and colleagues present a method built on genetic algorithms and other machine learning methods to design and fabricate strain sensors with improved capabilities.

The dual-cations electrochemical system was considered to be a promising strategy to facilitate sluggish diffusion kinetics. Here the authors prepare zinc-based alloy anode with three-dimensional interface, thus to improve the interfacial stability, achieve high-performing battery system in the aqueous electrolytes containing dual cations.

Cai et al. show that CK1α suppresses lung cancer growth by inducing autophagy through a PTEN–AKT–FOXO3a pathway that ultimately leads to ATG7 expression.