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While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Wei et al. found that the nuclear E3 ligase ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5 (UBR5) ubiquitinated VGLL4 at Lys61 for its degradation, which permits Hippo–YAP signaling for the development of liver biliary system in mice and multiple cancers in humans.

Based on an immunogenicity screen of monkeypox virus (MPXV) surface proteins, the authors develop an mRNA vaccine with 12 antigens, which they combine with T cell epitope-rich regions to achieve protection through coordinated activation of humoral and cellular immune responses.

Qin et al. realized a plasmonic exceptional point distribution that covers full Poincaré sphere based on extrinsic chirality and basis transformation, extending the application of singularity induced topological phase to arbitrary polarization states.

Using single-cell and spatial molecular profiling of infarcted mouse and human hearts, Li, Ni, Wang and colleagues identify a subset of cardiac fibroblasts expressing CD248 that plays a critical role in fibroblast–T cell interaction, and show that disrupting this interaction with monoclonal antibodies or anti-CD248 chimeric antigen receptor T cells results in reduced cardiac fibrosis and improved function.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) relies on Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to activate glutamate (Glu) and are vital for maintaining ammonia and Glu homeostasis, but GS function is impaired during ATP-deficient neurotoxic events. Here the authors report polyphosphate-manganese nanosheets having GS-like activity independent of ATP to promote the conversion of Glu to glutamine in excitatory neurotoxic cells.

The nearly complete genome of an early-diverging species, Stewartia sinensis, and phylogenomic studies provide insights into orphan gene evolution in Theaceae.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

The site-specific DNA inversion system is a versatile tool for genetic engineering. Here, authors developed a multiplexed DNA inversion system, Rci51-5/multi-sfxa101, in eukaryotes, facilitating promoter substitution for metabolic engineering applications.

SRDTrans is a self-supervised denoising method for fluorescence images powered by spatial redundancy sampling and a dedicated transformer network that achieves good performance on fast dynamics and various imaging modalities.

Using spin-entangled baryon–antibaryon pairs, the BESIII Collaboration reports on high-precision measurements of potential charge conjugation and parity (CP)-symmetry-violating effects in hadrons.

Neonatal mice are protected against infection with the enteric pathogen enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by maternally derived natural antibodies as well as by maternal commensal microbiota that induce antibodies that recognize antigens expressed by  Enterobacteriaceae.

Filtering capacitors are essential to smooth high voltage alternating current lines but are typically limited to hundreds of volts. Here, the authors demonstrate an aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor that can exhibit an operating voltage of 1,000 V when assembled into a device of 670 units.

DeepCAD is a self-supervised deep-learning approach for denoising calcium imaging data. DeepCAD improved SNR and facilitates neuron extraction and spike inference.

DeepCAD-RT denoises fluorescence time-lapse images in real time.

Next-generation red and green G-protein-coupled receptor-based dopamine sensors with improved properties have been developed. Their performance is demonstrated in cell culture, in brain slices and in vivo in the mouse.

Oral dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) administration to replenish neuronal dopamine is a treatment for Parkinson’s disease but induces fluctuations in plasma Dopa levels. Here the authors report a nucleic acid-based responsive artificial enzyme (FNA-Fe₃O₄) for in situ continuous Dopa production.

The antidiabetic drug acarbose is shown to be degraded by a Klebsiella species present in the human gut, which is enriched with acarbose treatment and might mediate acarbose resistance and variations in clinical efficacy observed in patients.

Long intergenic non-coding RNAs have been linked to cancer development. Here the authors, using RNA-seq and genomic amplification data, identify lincRNAs deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and propose that Linc01138 is stabilized by IGF2BP1/3 in the cytoplasm, and binds and stabilizes the methyltransferase PRMT5 by preventing the association of PRMT5 to the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP.

DeepWonder removes background signals from widefield calcium recordings and enables accurate and efficient neuronal segmentation with high throughput.

The decay asymmetry and helicity phase of polarized baryon–antibaryon pairs are measured at the BESIII experiment, testing charge–parity symmetry and revealing a discrepancy of the Λ → pπ⁻ decay asymmetry with respect to the current world average.

Long-read sequencing is promising for the detection of structural variants (SVs), which requires algorithms with high sensitivity and precision. Here, the authors develop DeBreak, an algorithm for comprehensive and accurate SV detection in long-read sequencing data across different platforms, which outperforms other SV callers.

Form factors encode the structure of nucleons. Measurements from electron–positron annihilation at BESIII reveal an oscillating behaviour of the neutron electromagnetic form factor, and clarify a long-standing photon–nucleon interaction puzzle.

Skeletal muscle stem cells (or satellite cells, SCs) are normally quiescent but activate and expand in response to injury. Here the authors show that induction of DHX36 helicase during SC activation promotes mRNA translation by binding to 5′UTR mRNA G-quadruplexes (rG4) in targets including Gnai2 and unwinding them.

The authors have demonstrated an important new role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in regulating pancreatic cancer TRAIL resistance; and uncovered the contribution of O-GlcNAcylation to TRAIL activation-induced oligomerization of death receptor 5 and apoptosis signaling. These findings support the potential use of O-GlcNAcylation inhibitors to enhance efficacy of TRAIL therapy.

Dongxin Lin, Philip Taylor, Li-Dong Wang and colleagues have now pooled three genome-wide association analyses of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, finding two new risk loci at genome-wide significance and an HLA class II locus of significance in high-risk populations. They reanalyze the strength of evidence for previously published risk loci.

The inhibitor PU-H71 preferentially targets tumor-enriched Hsp90 complexes. Affinity purification using PU-H71 reveals cancer-specific protein networks in chronic myeloid leukemia and that the abundance of tumor-specific Hsp90 clients in cells can predict sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibitors.

Li Dong Wang and colleagues report a genome wide association study for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population. They identify two risk loci at PLCE1 and C20orf54.

Xue and colleagues developed LACE-seq to globally profile RNA targets of RNA-binding proteins at single-nucleotide resolution in low-input cells or even single oocytes.

A study on clinical tissue specimens and a porcine model reveals that S100A8/A9 mediates endometrial stromal cell fibrosis and IUA by activating the RAGE-JAK2-STAT3 pathway. These effects can be ameliorated through MenSCs transplantation.