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Many thrombolytic agents depend on plasminogen, leading to D-dimer accumulation. Here, Tang et al. report a plasminogen-independent thrombolytic enzyme that degrades blood clots and D-dimer without plasminogen.

The de novo construction of enantioenriched 3-hydroxyindolenines and 3-oxindoles from easily available starting materials is highly desired. Here, the authors demonstrate an enantioselectively intermolecular direct [3 + 2] annulation of aryl amine with 2,3-diketoesters to construct 3-hydroxyindolenines with a chiral tertiary alcohol.

Ma et al. show that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U promotes the primed state in human pluripotent stem cells by interacting with nuclear matrix protein, Matrin-3, and regulating primed-specific genes.

Several approaches based on positron emission tomography (PET) are currently used to evaluate cancer response to immunotherapy. Here the authors report the results of a phase 1/2 trial evaluating a PET radiotracer, ⁶⁸Ga-grazytracer, for the imaging of granzyme B expression in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T cell therapy.

High-performance gas separation membranes have potential in industrial separation applications, but overcoming the permeability-selectivity trade-off via regulable aperture distribution remains challenging. Here, the authors report a strategy to fabricate polyolefin reweaved ultra-micropore membrane to acquire regulable microporous channels.

To address the shortcomings in the application of bioactive peptides as drugs, incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) has been used. Here, the authors report an ionic compound-promoted C-N cleavage of alkyl pyridinium to generate alkyl radicals upon excitation by visible light, and apply it for deaminative hydroalkylation of alkenes to synthesise diverse β-alkyl substituted UAAs.

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes efficiently separate gas mixtures tuning the pore size of CMS membranes remains challenging. Here, the authors report an approach to finely modulate CMS pore structure via reactive Al(CH₃)₃ to atomic-level Al₂O₃ and defluorinated the polymer precursor in situ to Al-F3 particles during pyrolysis.

Dispersion of colloidal particles in water or oil is desired for industrial and environmental applications but it often strongly depends on indispensable assistance of chemical surfactants or introduction of nanoprotrusions onto the particle surface. Here, the authors demonstrate the omnidispersity of hydrophilic-hydrophobic heterostructure particles, synthesized by a surface heterogeneous nanostructuring strategy.

Cagβ is an ATPase in the H. pylori CagType4 secretion system essential for delivering the CagA effector to host cells. Here, authors present crystal structures of hexameric apo-Cagβ and Cagβ trapped in the monomeric state by its regulator CagZ, uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of Cagβ.

Here the authors investigate the role of the TET family of DNA demethylases in mammalian skeletal development. They find that loss of TETs leads to hypermethylation that results in decreased chromatin accessibility of RUNX2 target genes, repressing osteoblast differentiation and leading to skeletal defects in mouse such as short limbs.

Here, the authors present a comparative analyses on vaginal and uterine microbiota in 1223 samples derived from 655 women with chronic endometritis, which, combined with animal experiments, characterize the microbial translocation in the female reproductive tract and its role in modulating uterine health.

On-chip radio-frequency transformers made from three-dimensional self-rolled-up coils offer both high performance and an ultra-compact device footprint.

Microporous polymers become increasingly attractive as materials for the fabrication of permeable and selective gas separation membranes but separation performance is often limited by broad pore size distribution. Here, the authors design a porous polymer membrane via multi-crosslinking of miscible blends of microporous polymers enabling simultaneous high permeability and selectivity.

Transposable elements (TEs) fulfill essential but poorly understood roles in genome organization and gene expression control. Here the authors show that the regulation of TEs occurs through overlapping epigenetic mechanisms that control the expression and chromatin signatures at TEs.

Investigation of neural cells from post-mortem human brains and differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells shows that the LRRK2 mutation (G2019S) associated with familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease correlates with abnormalities at the nuclear envelope.

A broad-range human antibody with neutralizing activity against various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, targets a unique epitope within the highly conserved S2’ site and the fusion peptide of the spike protein that is exposed during interaction with the host cell. The pan-coronavirus antibody protects mice against infection with SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 following prophylactic and therapeutic treatment.

Hepatic insulin resistance plays a central role in metabolic syndrome. Here, the authors show that transcription factor BACH1 acts as a negative regulator of insulin signaling and that hepatic BACH1 deficiency ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed or diabetic mice

Three-dimensional photonic devices are of interest as light emitters, detectors or waveguides. However, so far their fabrication has remained a challenge. The template-directed epitaxy of three-dimensional semiconductor structures now offers a new strategy for the realization of photonic devices, demonstrated by the realization of a three-dimensional photonic crystal light-emitting diode.

Spiral inductors that are made from intercalated multilayer graphene, and exploit the kinetic inductance of the material, could help deliver miniaturized radio-frequency integrated circuits.

Bone metastases are associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer and limited therapeutic options. Here the authors exploit near-infrared light responsive macrophages for the tumor-selective delivery of oxaliplatin prodrug for chemo-photodynamic therapy of primary and bone metastatic breast cancer.

Targeting resistant stem cells in leukaemia, Perry et al. show that doxorubicin at low doses decreases Akt-mediated β-catenin activity, downregulates expression of multiple immune-checkpoint genes and dampens tumorigenesis of leukaemia stem cells.

Reconfigurable electronic devices that can be shaped in two or more stable geometries modifying their functionalities have been realized by engineering the sequence in which the elastomeric substrates are mechanically buckled.

Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disease associated with low levels of blood stem cells. Here Liu et al.report an improved method to generate genetically corrected induced pluripotent stem cells from an FA patient, and perform a screening to identify drugs that improve their differentiation into blood stem cells.

The tumor suppressor PTEN is often mutated or lost in glioblastoma. Here, the authors demonstrate that in neuronal stem cells PTEN trans-represses PAX7gene expression and PTEN deficiency promotes PAX7-dependent neoplastic transformation.

While water splitting could provide a means to utilize solar energy, identifying sufficiently stable and active semiconductors is challenging. Here, authors report a deficient CdIn₂S₄ photoanode with improved water splitting performances due to efficient charge separation/transfer kinetics.

Current strategies for producing antibody-drug conjugates often rely on inefficient conjugation chemistry or on generating mutations in the antibody sequence. Here the authors demonstrate a mutation-free, single-step conjugation platform utilizing a buried lysine residue.

Zhuang et al. demonstrate that suppression of NCoR/SMRT enhances OSKM reprogramming efficiency, and that the barrier mechanism depends on the recruitment of HDAC3 to pluripotency loci by c-MYC.

Huang, Li, An, Yang, Cui et al. perform a single-cell multi-omics analysis of human spermatogenesis and identify a DNA demethylation event upon meiosis initiation, which is associated with meiotic recombination.

Capture of low-abundance multiply phosphorylated peptides (MPPs) is difficult due to limitation of enrichment materials and their interactions with phosphates. Here the authors show, a smart polymer driven by specific but tunable hydrogen bonding interactions can differentially complex with MPPs, singly phosphorylated and non-modified peptides.

Although compound semiconductors like gallium arsenide (GaAs) offer advantages over silicon for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications, these do not outweigh the costly process of growing large layers of these materials and transferring them to appropriate substrates. However, a new fabrication approach is now demonstrated: films of GaAs and AlGaAs are grown in thick, multilayered assemblies in a single sequence; the individual layers are then released and distributed over foreign substrates by printing.

Emerging materials and methods for fabricating 3D micro- and nanostructures provide powerful capabilities of relevance across diverse areas of technology. This Review highlights the latest results and future trends associated with the most powerful methods in 3D printing, folding and assembly.