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This study establishes a dynamic regulatory network for barley grain development integrating genetic, metabolic, and gene expression information, revealing the regulatory role of key transcription factors in barley grain flavonoid metabolism and grain color formation.

A newly identified coronavirus isolated from farmed minks can use the receptor ACE2 to infect cells of different mammalian species, including human cells, which has implications for potential zoonotic spillover events.

Analysis of a large cohort of metastatic breast cancer samples shows that APOBEC mutational signatures are enriched in post-treatment samples. APOBEC activity was also associated with mutations known to drive drug resistance.

The existing recycling methods for spent lithium-ion batteries face high entropy-increasing problems. Here, authors propose a galvanic leaching strategy that can recover battery metals without crushing mixing or additional reductants, and achieve a 30-fold increase in leaching kinetics.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum and its ancestors, along with their transcriptomes, epigenomes and genotype and phenotype data for 5,196 N. tabacum germplasms, provide insights into genome evolution and complex trait regulation.

Human proteases TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS11D can be highjacked to mediate cell entry of respiratory viruses. This study examines the biochemical and structural basis of TMPRSS11D auto-activation and substrate specificity, informing peptidomimetic inhibitor development.

In a phase 1/2 trial in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), followed by a phase 2 trial in an EGFR-mutant selected population, treatment with the TROP2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate sacituzumab tirumotecan led to encouraging clinical response rates, especially in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, which was supported by mechanistic data.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

The authors show that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the lung are key to fighting infection and persist after viral clearance, contributing to long-term immunity and protection.

Crystal structures of the human HMCES SRAP ___domain in complex with DNA substrates demonstrate how the SRAP ___domain interacts with a variety of single-strand- and double-strand-containing DNA structures found at DNA-damage sites.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Monitoring the early-stage healing of severe traumatic nerve injuries is essential to gather pathological information for timely interventions. Here, the authors introduce a biodegradable and restorative neural interface for wireless real-time tracking.

Ferroelectrics, which exhibit excellent charge separation ability, suffer from poor photocatalytic activity. The authors unveil the limitations in charge extraction and offer strategies to design high-performance photocatalysts by eliminating surface defects.

Middle-aged individuals are more susceptible to obesity, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that extracellular vesicles from adipose progenitor cells in middle-aged individuals lack miR-145-5p, driving inflammation, and that restoring miR-145-5p could prevent midlife obesity.

Copper-based asymmetric photocatalysis has great synthetic potential, however it has been rarely exploited due to challenges inherent to such systems. Here, a chiral bisoxazoline copper catalyst is involved in a SET process, photoredox catalysis, Lewis acid activation and asymmetric induction to construct chiral vicinal diamines.

Orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beams have great potential for multiplexing signals in optical communication, but creating a compact source is challenging. The authors integrate a chip-scale optical vortex emitter and DFB laser into a single monolithic device for direct electrically pumped production of OAM beams.

Realizing organic p–n junctions based on ordered crystalline materials with dimensions comparable to the exciton diffusion length of most organic semiconductors remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a strategy to form molecular monolayer crystal-based p–n junctions with thickness below 5 nm.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and PAF-like phospholipids were identified as propagators of ferroptosis, whereas PAFAH2 suppressed synchronized ferroptosis and, thus, prevented tubular cell death in acute kidney injury.

Achieving visible-light-driven CO₂ photoreduction in ambient air is significant yet challenging. Here, the authors introduce strain into layered In₂S₃ at atomic scale for promoted CO₂ activation and boosted photogenerated charge carrier separation in atmospheric CO₂ photoreduction.

RNA secondary structure is a new regulatory layer of transcript fates. Here, Li et al. find that plant RNA helicase Brr2a, acting beyond its canonical role in spliceosome, can optimize secondary structure of pri-miRNAs to promote miRNA production.

In situ real-time water pollution monitoring provides a fast and convenient way to detect water pollutants, but the development of detectors with high sensitivity is still challenging. Portable organic photodetectors fabricated with a colloid processing approach achieve highly sensitive and accurate monitoring of trace pollutants in water.

Glia abnormalities drive the progression of demyelinating diseases. Here, the authors show that reactivated astrocytes secrete clusterin to impede remyelination by blocking astrocytic removal of myelin debris and oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation in mouse models of demyelination.

The authors show that DCAF1, a substrate receptor of CUL4 and EDVP E3 ligases, can be recruited by PROTACs to degrade the cancer drug target, WDR5. They also report the crystal structures of PROTAC ternary complexes that reveal a significant role for loops in DCAF1 substrate recognition, a potential mechanism behind the diverse substrate specificity of DCAF1.

A study reveals that activation of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor signalling is an important mechanism for boosting plant defence during pattern-triggered immunity.

Optoelectronic neural interfaces allow for non-genetic and remote modulation of neural activity. Here, the authors propose a biodegradable, flexible and miniaturized neural interface based on molybdenum-modified silicon diodes that allows transdermal neuromodulation and promotes nerve regeneration.

The authors identify one emerging H2N2 AIV, reveal the molecular basis of human-type receptor binding of the H2N2 AIV and pandemic strains, and evaluate the public risk of H2N2 AIV by its infection, transmission and mammalian-adaptation features.

Crystal structures of FEM1C in apo and in complex with a C-degron ending with arginine reveal a binding pocket in FEM1C that recognizes C-degrons and the essential role of C-terminal arginine for recognition.

Amino acid changes in a newly identified spike epitope enabled the Delta variant to evade a population antibody response.

Membranes with precise ion-ion separation are critical for sustainable water treatment. Here, authors demonstrated controlled construction of a nanofiltration membrane with fast permeation and high Cl^-/SO₄^2- selectivity by simultaneous spatial and temporal control of interfacial polymerization.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

Glacial-interglacial cycles drove lithium-rich brine formation in the Qarhan Salt Lake in China, according to Th dating and fluid inclusion analyses in halite, and paleotemperature reconstructions.

Convergence of heavy or light chains in antibodies recognising pathogens could drive mutations in these pathogens. Here the authors examine antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and find that a conserved VL6-57 light chain recognising a conserved motif in the spike protein is associated with virus mutations and could drive changes in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants.

The authors show that the lncRNA-derived microprotein SMIMP, which is shown to promote tumor formation, regulates cohesin core subunit binding to cis-regulatory elements and alters the expression of tumor-suppressive cell cycle regulators.

β-Cell dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors show that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO (a microbiota metabolite)) induces β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes in mice through NLRP3 inflammasome activation and calcium transients.

Low-temperature decomposition and insufficient plastic deformability are bottlenecks that limit the practical applications of nanograined Al alloys. Here the authors utilize a high density vacancies in combination with Sc microalloying to stabilize nanograined Al-Cu alloys.

Photocatalytic oxidative coupling of methane is a promising approach to create muti-carbon products. Here, the authors use Ce dopants to construct electronically asymmetric lattice oxygen sites in ZnO to enhance methyl migration and promote C-C coupling.

Wood is one of the most renewable materials with applications in construction and other industries. The authors show a process that gives low-value wood and biomass residuals a new life by transforming them into materials with mechanical properties comparable to metals and other structural elements.