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Coffee has been associated with reduced colorectal cancer incidence. Here, the authors show that caffeine inhibits the kynurenine pathway, boosting CD8⁺ T-cell immunogenic activity, which impairs colorectal cancer progression and enhances immunotherapy response.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Honeybee behavioral plasticity provides a model to study how brain gene networks regulate behavior. Here, authors show stripe activation in Kenyon cells links gene regulatory networks to behavioral maturation via spatial-cellular coordination.

Adult zebrafish possess the ability to regenerate injured hearts through a complex orchestration of molecular and cellular activities. Here, the authors present a single cell and spatially-resolved atlas of the regenerating zebrafish heart, which serves as a valuable resource for research on heart regeneration.

Neuronal PRDX-2-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in C. elegans AWC neurons triggers intestinal mitochondrial stress response, halting digestion to reduce cellular stress. This discovery reveals a brain-gut pathway regulating food intake via ROS signaling.

Aging is the risk factor for chronic pancreatitis and its acute attack. Here, the authors show that exocrine acinar cells received endocrine β-cell-derived miR-503-322 and caused pancreas autodigestion and anti-proliferation by repressing MKNK1 thereby promoting pancreatitis in the elderly

The discovery of superconductivity in hydrides at critical temperature (T_c) near room temperature receives intensive attentions. Here the authors report experimental synthesis and discovery of superconductivity with T_c above 210 K in calcium superhydrides at 160–190 GPa.

Great efforts have been devoted to the development of chemiluminescence systems that emit light with high intensity over long periods of time. Here the authors show, firefly-mimicking intensive and long-lasting chemiluminescence hydrogels consisting of chitosan, N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) and catalyst Co²⁺.

Intestinal TM6SF2 is found to interact with fatty acid-binding protein 5 to modulate the secretion of fatty acids and the composition of the gut microbiota, thereby protecting against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Multiplexed, brain-wide imaging remains challenging with current tissue clearing techniques. Here, the authors propose SOLID, a hydrophobic tissue clearing method that can minimize tissue distortion and attain great clearing performance. SOLID achieves high-quality imaging of multi-colour-labeled mouse brain.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a bone disease caused by mutations in tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Here, authors solved the crystal and cryoEM structures of TNAP, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying HPP.

Deciphering the sulfation and sialylation codes of ganglioside glycans is impeded by the limited accessibility of well-defined structures. Now, an integrated chemoenzymatic strategy has been developed for efficient synthesis of a comprehensive 65-membered ganglioside glycan library, enabling an extensive exploration into their structure–function relationships using glycan microarray technology.

This paper shows that the uniformity of vitreous ice thickness relies on the surface flatness of the supporting film, and presents a method to use ultraflat graphene as the support for cryo-EM specimen preparation.

PD-L1 expression on the surface of cancer cells is believed to contribute to tumor immune evasion via triggering the inhibitory T cell co-receptor, PD-1, resulting in decreased T cell cytotoxicity. Here authors show that OTUB2 regulates PD-L1 expression via inhibition of its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and that OTUB2 inhibition increases T cell cytotoxicity directed against tumors.

Faecal metagenomes and machine learning reveal a panel of 31 multikingdom microbiome markers and microbiome functions that are associated with autism spectrum disorder in male and female children.

By integrating split ferroelectric capacitors with complementary characteristics in the same memory cell, this architecture tackles the problem of conflicting memory requirements for training and inference, which has long plagued edge intelligence applications.

The water-to-land transition of vertebrates is a landmark event in evolutionary history. This work utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the adaptations in African lungfish lungs and gills to terrestrialization.

Stacking graphene in the rhombohedral order to the tetralayer yields stronger Coulomb interactions, which results in insulating and metallic states with spontaneous symmetry breaking in spin, valley and layer degrees of freedom.

The Arctic is dotted with lakes, including thermokarst lakes highly threatened by climate change. Here, the authors investigate 35 years of lake drainage events and related vegetation trends across the Arctic, finding differences between thermokarst and non-thermokarst lake drainage events.

Bacteria can deliver toxic effector proteins into the cytosol of neighboring cells. Here, the authors show that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis secretes an effector that modulates gene expression in neighboring cells of the same species and inhibits the growth of other competitors.

Wang et al. report that the secretory coat protein complex COPII undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation that is tuned by manganese in the cytosol, to impact lipoprotein secretion.

Mechanisms underlying the connection between autophagy decline and vascular endothelial cell (VEC) ageing remain unclear. Here, the authors identify a key role for CD44 in controlling autophagy and ageing in VECs, and this function is conserved in nematodes.

How far back in time plate tectonics operated on Earth is debated because of a paucity of geological evidence for horizontal plate motions. Here the authors show that plates moved laterally by >3500 kilometres 2.7–2.5 billion years ago, demonstrating plate tectonics in the Archean Eon, when life developed on Earth.

Vasek et al. demonstrate that distal processes of microglia locally translate specific mRNAs including those related to immunity and phagocytosis. They then show that local protein synthesis is necessary for microglial process-initiated phagocytosis.

Chen et al. examine the cellular necrosome using STORM and uncover the rod-shaped structure formed by mosaics of RIP1 and RIP3 oligomers.

This research reports a 2.5-billion year-old passive margin formed in accreting archipelagos, highlighting the contribution of early continent formation and the relationship between continental stabilization and early atmospheric oxygen rise.

Non-trivial topological phases come in various guises from first-order to higher-order and can be found in a range of systems from electronic and photonic through to phononic. Here, the authors report a variable-order topological insulator in a phononic crystal that can be tuned between first and higher orders by varying the nearest-neighbor hopping whilst at the same time preserving the symmetry.

A ‘hybrid’ open-top light-sheet microscope is described, which can be used for broad multi-scale volumetric imaging of one or more large tissues, cleared with diverse protocols, and conveniently mounted on an array of sample holders.

A peri-arteriolar niche in the bone marrow for osteogenesis and lymphopoiesis is maintained by mechanical stimulation and is depleted during ageing.

Quaking RNA binding protein (QKI) is known for its role in oligodendrocyte maturation. Here, the authors define the QKI targets in the mouse brain and show that loss of QKI disrupts the expression of cell maturation-associated genes in astrocytes in vivo.

A single-cell analysis of tumor-infiltrating T cells from 16 cancer types identifies new T cell subsets and a stress response cell state enriched in tumors resistant to immunotherapy.