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Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Hydrogel materials have emerged as versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Here this group reports an mRNA lipid nanoparticle-incorporated microgel matrix for immune cell recruitment/antigen expression and presentation/cellular interaction thereby eliciting antitumor efficacy with a single dose.

An unconventional machine learning-based inverse design framework enables the generation of ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters with complex 3D architectures and diverse material compositions.

A study examines functional human endogenous fatty acid synthase and characterizes its structural dynamics using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, providing insights into its dynamics during the fatty acid synthesis condensing cycle.

Self-injection locking of an on-chip laser to a milimetre-scale vacuum-gap Fabry–Pérot cavity is demonstrated, with a phase noise of –97 dBc Hz^–1 at a 10-kHz offset frequency and a fractional frequency stability of 5 × 10⁻¹³ at 10 ms, enabling next-generation high-performance integrated systems.

CAD, a de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway enzyme, is known to promote chemotherapy resistance. Here, the authors shed light into this mechanism of chemoresistance, showing that chemotherapeutic drugs can promote the degradation of CAD following cleavage by activated caspase-3 on its Asp1371 residue.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

TMEM16F is a Ca²⁺ activated ion channel and lipid scramblase involved in cell fusion. Here authors determine cryo-EM structures of TMEM16F with or without bound blockers, such as the FDA-approved drug niclosamide.

Here, the authors employed 19 F NMR and Gaussian accelerated MD simulations to determine the conformational landscape of the adenosine-A2A receptor and mini-Gαsβγ complex, enabling determination of an intermediate structure of the complex with cryoEM.

Lewis acid additive semicarbazide hydrochloride improves the formation of α-phase FAPbI₃-based films and promotes a homogeneous vertical distribution of A-site cations through a deprotonation–reprotonation process. The upgraded device performance reaches up to 26.12% with high stability, and mini-module perovskite solar cells achieving 21.47% (area, 11.52 cm²) demonstrate great scalability.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

An implantable hydrogel-based phononic crystal that deforms with the surrounding tissues modifying the ultrasonic bandgap allows continuous and wireless monitoring of internal tissue strains.

Current brain organoids protocols face significant challenges in achieving adequate neural maturation to effectively replicate the functionality of mature neural circuits. Here, authors present an approach by integrating astrocyte-secreted factors to facilitate maturation and functional fidelity of in vitro brain organoids and planar neural cultures.

The instability of quantum dot inks hinders the scaling up of colloidal quantum dot electronics. Now, Shi and team stabilize the inks with an iodine-rich environment in a weakly coordinating solvent, achieving 13.4% in small-area solar cells and over 10% in modules.

A tunable terahertz radiation pulse is demonstrated based on a linear accelerator. The emission frequency of this terahertz radiation is tunable from 1 to 10 THz by changing the bunching frequency of a 34 MeV electron beam. The pulse energy is at the submillijoule level.

KRAS^G12D mutations frequently co-occur with mutated TP53 tumour suppressor in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here the authors report the design of dual targeted therapeutic extracellular vesicles containing high copy numbers of TP53 mRNA and siKRAS^G12D, showing anti-tumor activity in PDAC preclinical models.

Aging-related immune alteration has been attributed to increased susceptibility to infection and cancer. Here the authors show, using both lung cancer samples and mouse models, that aged Treg cells express higher levels of an ER enzyme, SOAT2, have altered cholesterol metabolism, and induce CD8⁺ T cell senescence to dampen anti-tumor immunity.

Nucleosome-protein complexes stick to the air-water interface and denature upon plunge freezing for cryoEM. Here, authors Chio and Palovcak et al. develop EM grids that protect such complexes and use these grids to study the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SNF2h.

The conversion of carbon dioxide to higher-value chemicals is an industrially important reaction. Here, the authors report a hybrid catalyst manganese oxide nanoparticle supported on mesoporous cobalt oxide, which catalyses the conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol at high yields.

The authors obtain the TiCoSb-based single-crystals with a dimension exceeding 1 cm, leading to an extraordinary enhancement in electron mobility and consequently, an average power factor of 37 W cm⁻¹ K⁻² in the Nb-doped TiCoSb single-crystal.

Electrochemical CO₂ capture is an emerging field in electrical decarbonization but limiting unwanted side reactivity remains a challenge. Here, authors present an electrochemical capture swing that is decoupled from redox carrier generation, enabling CO₂ capture from O₂-containing gas streams.

The ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor (ACF) generates and maintains nucleosome spacing by constantly moving a nucleosome towards the longer flanking DNA faster than the shorter flanking DNA. But how the enzyme moves back and forth between both sides of a nucleosome to accomplish bidirectional movement is unknown. Nucleosome movement is now shown to depend cooperatively on two ACF molecules, indicating that ACF functions as a dimer of ATPases.

A dual-channel near-field holographic MIMO communication scheme is proposed and experimentally verified by using programmable digital coding metasurface and electromagnetic theory, which provides a low complexity, low cost and low power consumption solution to fully utilize the spatial diversity and serves as a valuable technique in beyond fifth generation and 6G wireless communications.

An ultra-high-resolution structure of the core segment of assembled α-synuclein — the protein that aggregates in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease — has been determined. A neurobiologist and a structural biologist discuss the implications of this advance. See Article p.486

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the thyrotropin receptor reveal the basis for the activation of the receptor by autoantibodies in patients with Graves’ disease.

Here, the authors develop CMEM, a chelex100-based low-biomass microbial-enrichment method that enables deep metagenomic profiling of LRT samples to recover near-complete microbial genomes. Applying CMEM to 453 longitudinal LRT samples from 157 intensive care unit (ICU) patients unveils microbial dynamics, evolutionary landscape, and transmission risks, informing ICU infection management strategies.

Hydrogen-doping driven metal to ferroelectric phase transition in a complex oxide NdNiO₃ is demonstrated. Transient negative differential capacitance and implementation of polarization decay into neural network for learning are then presented.

New detector technology has improved the resolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), but tools for structure determination from high-resolution maps have lagged behind. DiMaio et al. report structure determination from high-resolution cryo-EM maps using a homologous structure as a starting model. Also in this issue, Wang et al. describe a de novo approach for structure determination that does not require a starting model.

Using cryo-EM, the authors elucidate the mechanisms of TRPV1 regulation by bioactive lipids, namely phosphoinositides and the inflammatory lipid lysophosphatidic acid.

Optogenetic tools allowing transcranial neural inhibition in treating seizures are limited. This study demonstrates that noninvasive transcranial optogenetic activation of a highly sensitive K + -conductive channelrhodopsin (HcKCR1-hs) silences neurons and suppresses seizures deep in the brain, alleviating epilepsy symptoms in mouse models, without intracranial surgery.

The subnanometre-resolution electron cryomicroscopy structure of TmrAB, a heterodimeric ABC transport protein, in a nucleotide-free, inward-facing conformation, is determined.

Here, Zhang et al. explore fusion protein strategies to facilitate cryo-EM structural studies of GPCRs alone- without signal transducers- in ligand bound or unliganded form.

Seawater direct electrolysis using renewable energy provides an appealing pathway to harness abundant oceanic hydrogen resources. Here, authors report a redox-mediated decoupled seawater direct electrolysis strategy to suppress the chlorine electro-oxidation side reaction.

Single-cell transcriptome profiling of human aneuploid blastocysts highlights global transcriptomic alteration and identifies novel dosage-sensitive genes in aneuploidy. Aneuploid embryos undergo unstable epiblast maturation caused by defects in the TGF-β and FGF pathways that impact trophectoderm progression.

Entacapone, a Parkinson’s disease medication, sequesters iron resulting in a selective inhibition of gut microbial activity.

Exercise and diet interventions are treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here the authors report that in randomized, controlled trial in patients with NAFLD exercise and diet intervention were associated with diversified gut microbiome keystone taxa. Exploratory analysis suggests gut microbial network may be used to predict the individual liver fat response to exercise intervention, if validated in future studies.

The 26S proteasome is a protein degradation machine composed of a 20S core particle (CP) flanked at one or both ends by a 19S ATPase regulatory particle (RP). Here the authors reconstitute asymmetric archaeal proteasomes and reveal allosteric coupling between the conformations of gates in the α-rings positioned at opposite ends of the CP, which modulates RP assembly and substrate entry.

Electrophiles activate the transient receptor potential ion channel TRPA1 by a two-step cysteine modification mechanism, which stabilizes a cytoplasmic loop that controls gating and calcium permeability.

Manipulating collective phenomena in solid-state platforms with optical means is an ongoing topic of interest in condensed matter physics. Here, the authors demonstrate all-optical room-temperature manipulation of electronic states in the charge-density-wave material EuTe₄.

Methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation can be carried out by archaea either by coupling alkane oxidation directly to methanogenesis, or in syntrophic associations with bacteria. Here, the authors provide experimental evidence supporting that methanogenic degradation of hydrocarbons can also be mediated by syntrophic cooperation between archaeal partners.