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Middle-aged individuals are more susceptible to obesity, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that extracellular vesicles from adipose progenitor cells in middle-aged individuals lack miR-145-5p, driving inflammation, and that restoring miR-145-5p could prevent midlife obesity.

Chiral antiferromagnets, such as Mn3Pt, host a variety of transport phenomena arising due to the chiral arrangement of the spins. Herein, the authors find two contributions to the anomalous hall effect in Mn3Pt, and through comparison with other chiral antiferromagnets develop a universal scaling law for the anomalous hall effect in chiral antiferromagnets.

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is limited. Here, the authors show that long-term treatment with high-dose N-acetylcysteine neither significantly reduced the annual rate of total exacerbations nor improve lung function in patients with mild-tomoderate COPD.

The authors study electron-doped cuprate superconductor Pr_1−xLaCe_xCuO_4-δ using ARPES and muon spin spectroscopy. They find that T_c is proportional to the quasiparticle weight of the hole pocket near the nodal points, which arises from Fermi-surface reconstruction associated with antiferromagnetic order.

Emerging applications of steam electrolysis and electrochemical synthesis for future hydrogen technologies at intermediate temperatures set stringent requirements on the stability of protonic ceramic cells. Now a sintering approach enables densified Ce-free protonic zirconate cells with enhanced Faradaic efficiency and exceptional stability under harsh operating conditions.

Epsilon Fe2C is considered a promising catalyst for syngas conversion due to its inherently low CO2 selectivity, but its application is limited by poor high-temperature stability. Here the authors present a successful method for synthesizing highly stable ε-Fe2C using a nitrogen-induced strategy through the pyrolysis of Prussian blue analogs.

The application of catalytic dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT) in axial chirality is limited to fivemembered metalacyclic intermediate-directed equilibrium of substrate enantiomers. Here, the authors report a tetracoordinate boron-directed DyKAT of racemic, configurationally stable 3-bromo- 2,1-azaborines for the construction of C-B axial chirality.

It has been suggested that strong field enhancement for high harmonic generation may be achievable with nano-antennas. Here, the authors show relevant field enhancement using a metal-sapphire nanostructure that provides a solid tip as the high harmonic emitter, replacing commonly used gaseous atoms.

Partial oxidation of methane to value-added C₁ products remains challenging due to the favorable formation of fully-oxidized CO₂. Here, the authors show supported B₂O₃ catalysts with tri-coordinated BO₃ units as the active site are highly selective in oxidizing methane to HCHO and CO.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Rapid detection of diverse biomarkers is crucial for public health. Here, the authors develop NAPTUNE, a versatile platform that identifies multiple nucleic acids and proteins targets within 45 minutes using a nuclease cascade.

Here, by analyzing 306481 microbial genomes from human-associated microbiomes, the authors reveal a largely unexplored biosynthetic landscape of ribosomal peptides (RiPPs), identifying protective peptides that obstruct pathogen biofilms and regulate gut microbiota in disease models, underscoring their significant therapeutic potential.

Polar skyrmions are a topological polarization texture. While they have now been detected in numerous material systems, near universally these have required careful strain engineering. Here, Xue, Zhang, Zheng, Tong, Wang and coauthors observe polar skyrmions in the van der Waals ferroelectric CuInP2S6, without strain-engineering.

Metabolic reprogramming is crucial for cancer progression. Here, the authors show that the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) in a AOM/DSS-induced mouse model, by enhancing lipid synthesis via upregulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN), and inhibiting FASN reduces tumor growth, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues.

In this case series of patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), therapy with CD7-directed CAR T cells that express an anti-CD7 protein expression blocker to prevent CAR T-induced fratricide showed encouraging rates of clinical response and persistence of circulating CAR T cells.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study identifies 13 new loci associated with serum lipids.

Antibiotic residues in soil pose health risks to farm workers. This study quantifies soil antibiotic exposure risk (SABER) using global data on soil concentrations, farm employment and working hours. The highest SABER occurs in East Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, with 1,000 ha farms reducing exposure effectively while sustaining rural employment.

A dominant genic male sterility (DGMS) mutant of Brassica oleracea was identified in 1970s and has been widely used for hybrid cabbage breeding, but its genetic basis is unclear. Here, the authors reveal that a 1-bp deletion in the promoter of the gene encoding a PHD-finger motif transcription factor is responsible for DGMS.

One particularly useful feature of van der Waals materials is the ability to combine layers of different materials into a single heterostructure, which can have superior properties than any of the constituent materials alone. Here, Cheng et al. combine two interlayer-antiferromagnetic chromium trihalides, CrI₃ and CrCl₃ in close proximity, and demonstrate ferromagnetic coupling between them.

Energy management technologies for electric vehicles often rely on manual design and simulations, limiting real-world application. Here, authors introduce a data-driven offline reinforcement learning framework that optimizes energy consumption and system degradation using historical data, achieving improved performance and adaptability.

The authors present cryo-electron microscopy structures of the TRPM3 channel and provide insights into neurosteroid and synthetic agonist recognition and activation, anticonvulsant inhibition and the effects of disease mutations on channel gating.

Alveolar bone resorption (ABR) is a key pathological manifestation in the development of apical periodontitis (AP) that contributes to the AP-associated tooth loss, and whose underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, the authors show a molecular mechanism on osteoclastogenesis-related ABR and provides a therapeutic target of AP via modulating the FTO/HK1/USP14/RANK axis.

In a randomized phase 3 trial, neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 plus either paclitaxel and cisplatin or nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin elicited a significantly superior pathological complete response rate versus neoadjuvant paclitaxel and cisplatin alone in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

ARF4 GTPase activity is needed for vesicular trafficking for multiple RNA viruses. Blocking ARF4 using specific peptides redirects viral progeny to lysosomal degradation and decreases influenza and Zika virus infection in mice.

Migratory alkene isomerizations and cross-coupling reactions are both possible under nickel catalysis, but usually require different conditions. Here the authors show a combined protocol to isomerize a double bond and then, via an in-situ exchange of ligands, perform an enantioselective C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Generation of light with desirable amplitude and phase profiles with nonlinear wavefront shaping is of great interest for optical technologies. Here, the authors demonstrate efficient nonlinear beam shaping using three-dimensional lithium niobate photonic crystals fabricated using a femtosecond-laser-engineering technique.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Exotic states emerge from the interplay between band topology and ferromagnetism, but it remains less known in canted-antiferromagnetic phase. Here, the authors realize a canted-antiferromagnetic Chern insulator in atomically-thin MnBi₂Te₄ with electrical control of chiral-edge state transport.

Hard carbon is regarded as a promising negative electrode for Na-ion batteries but suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Here, the authors identify the time-dependent ion pre-desolvation on the nanopore of hard carbons, which remarkably improves the ICE by simply extending the aging time.

The effect of hydrogen embrittlement on metal nanostructures is still unclear. Here, the authors combine nanomechanical testing and molecular dynamics simulations to show that hydrogen can suppress surface dislocation nucleation in silver nanowires.

The incorporation of fluorine-doped tin oxide nanoplatelets on the substrate of perovskite solar cells contributes to uniform light harvesting across different incidence angles of sunlight. The best devices show a power conversion efficiency of 26.4% (certified 25.9%), 95% of which is maintained after 1,200 hours of operation.

The Chinese tree shrew, Tupaia belangeri chinensis, has been proposed as a potential animal model in biomedical research and drug safety testing. This study presents the full genome of the Chinese tree shrew, identifying common features between the tree shrew and primates.

Qu et al. report a self-assembled material with π-expanded conjugation to form hydrophilic ordered bilayer as hole selective layer for inverted perovskite solar cells. The enhanced interfacial charge extraction and transport enable certified efficiency of 26.39% and 25.21% for 7.15 mm² - and 99.12 mm² -devices, respectively.

Infrared cameras are used for night vision and in medical diagnostics, but currently only present monochrome images. Krishnaet al. demonstrate a monolithically intergrated plasmonic infrared quantum dot camera as a step towards coloured infrared imaging.

Reporting suspicions of scientific fraud is rarely easy, but some paths are more effective than others.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Yuan and colleagues show that ERMAP expression on cancer cells delivers an ‘eat me’ signal to Kupffer cells by binding to Gal-9–dectin-2 on Kupffer cells and triggering phagocytosis.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.