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Single-cell analyses of liver biopsies from patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and healthy controls identify cell-state-interacting expression quantitative trait loci with significant enrichment for disease heritability.

Accurate prediction of surgical outcomes is essential for selecting treatment plans and ensuring patient satisfaction in corrective jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery). Here, the authors present and validate GPOSC-Net, a generative model for orthognathic surgery planning, to predict surgical movement and synthesize post-operative cephalograms from pre-operative data using a diffusion model.

Potential synergism between BTK inhibitor and lenalidomide in treating aggressive B-cell lymphoma has been suggested. Here, the authors report a single-arm phase II clinical trial of combination of acalabrutinib, lenalidomide and rituximab in patients with aggressive Relapsed/Refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) in South Korea has now entered operation with a timing jitter of just 20 fs.

Ageing leads to a loss of muscle mass and strength, called sarcopenia. Here, the authors show that fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), a lipid chaperone, drives age-dependent lipidome remodeling in skeletal muscle and deteriorates muscle mass and contractility by modulating membrane fluidity and ER stress signaling.

Bioresorbable neural implants offer a promising solution to the challenges of secondary surgeries required for the removal of implanted devices. Here, the authors introduce a fully bioresorbable flexible hybrid opto-electronic system for simultaneous electrophysiological recording and optogenetic stimulation.

Doil Choi and colleagues report the genome sequence of the hot pepper, Capsicum annuum, as well as the resequencing of two cultivated peppers and a wild species, Capsicum chinense. Comparative genomic analysis across Solanaceae provides insights into genome expansion, pungency, ripening and disease resistance in hot peppers.

The authors find that Piezo1 stimulation enhances meningeal lymphatics and boosts CSF drainage to treat hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly, showing promise in Down syndrome and hydrocephalus models.

Seminal fluid is high in sugars, primarily to aid in sperm motility though it is unclear whether they serve other roles. Here they use Drosophila to identify a bioactive sugar, venerose, that stimulates female brain neurons to boost germline stem cell proliferation and sperm storage.

The control of magnetism by electric field is an important goal for future development of low-power spintronics. Here, the authors demonstrate voltage control of magnetism in van der Waals ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructure devices via the strain-mediated magnetoelectric effect.

While several human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines exist, a highly effective vaccine that mediates regression of HPV-induced tumours is lacking. Here the authors show that a therapeutic DNA vaccine-induced HPV-specific polyfunctional CD8 T cell in 7 out of 9 patients who all exhibited complete regression of lesions and viral clearance.

Conventional therapies can induce cancer cell senescence. Here the authors show that therapy-induced senescent cancer cells can escape T-cell immunity by upregulating PD-L1, whose expression and glycosylation levels are regulated by ribophorin 1.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has abundant mitochondria with the unique capability of generating heat via uncoupled respiration. Here, Park et al. identify LETMD1 as a mitochondrial matrix protein enriched in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and reveal a crucial role for it in maintaining brown adipocyte mitochondrial OXPHOS and thermogenesis upon cold stimulus.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

A metastable palladium hydride is synthesized where the unique environment in the liquid cell, namely the limited quantity of Pd precursors and the continuous supply of H, resulted in the formation of the hcp phase.

Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) are important for lymph node (LN) structure and function. Here the authors show that the YAP/TAZ complex downstream of Hippo signalling regulates FRC commitment and maturation, with YAP/TAZ deficiency impairing FRC differentiation, while hyperactivation of YAZ/TAZ inducing myofibroblastic FRCs and LN fibrosis.

Maintaining optimal eNOS levels is important during cardiovascular events, although little is known regarding the mechanism of eNOS protection. Here, the authors show a regulatory role of endothelial OASL1 in maintaining eNOS mRNA stability and vascular biology under atheroprone conditions.

Human genome sequences have so far been reported for individuals with ancestry in three distinct geographical regions: a Yoruba African, two individuals of northwest European origin, and a person from China. Here, using a combination of methods, a highly annotated, whole-genome sequence is provided for a Korean male.

Intestinal stromal cells (IntSCs) play essential roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Here the authors show that VEGF-C expression in specialized IntSCs is regulated by YAP/TAZ, and VEGF-C is responsible for maintaining lacteal integrity, thus influencing dietary fat drainage into lacteals.

The protein thioredoxin regulates the activity of many signalling molecules. Here, Hwang et al.report structural and biochemical evidence that the interaction between thioredoxin and its inhibitor thioredoxin-interacting protein is regulated by a redox-dependent disulphide bond-switching mechanism.

Multiple alternating layers of two-dimensional materials and epilayers are grown on III–N and III–V substrates in a single growth run. Then, each epilayer is harvested by mechanical exfoliation, producing multiple freestanding membranes from a single wafer.

Plant-compatible adenine base editor systems are now demonstrated to work in protoplasts and individual plants of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus, yielding plants with predicted nucleotide substitutions and stably inherited phenotypes.

Baek and colleagues present a proteogenomic analysis of 196 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in an Asian population, identifying subtypes with invasive and proliferative features or immunogenic features, as a resource for future studies.