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Global aging emphasizes the exploration of frailty and depression in relation to incident CVD in middle-aged and older adults. Here, the authors show that frailty is associated with increased CVD risk, partially through depression, with the association influenced by frailty transitions and stronger in males, the elderly, and those with unhealthy lifestyles.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Cytoplasmic stress granules (SG) regulate cell fate and are involved in several physiological and pathological processes. Here, using mouse models of allergic rhinitis (AR), the authors reveal the formation of SGs within macrophages of the nasal mucosa and implicate SGs in the regulation of Lrp1-mediated efferocytosis and Type 2 cytokine production, aggravating AR symptoms.

Proteome profiling of plasma samples in human pan-cancer cohorts reveals patterns of biomarkers for diagnosis.

Sustainable management of soil organic carbon (SOC) in farmland is critical for mitigating climate change and improving soil health. Degradable film mulching is a promising alternative to plastic film mulching, sequestering SOC and reducing C loss in dryland agroecosystems under climate change.

The clinical activity of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for treating locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (LA-OSCC) remains uncertain. In this single-arm, phase II trial, the authors show that neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin provides a favourable pathological response and manageable safety in patients with LA-OSCC while baseline CD4_Tfh_CXCL13 cells may serve as a predictive biomarker of efficacy.

Liu and colleagues examine how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants evade CD8⁺ T cell epitope recognition.

In locusts, the aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole is derived from dietary phenylalanine, and its production is dependent on two 4-vinylphenol methyltransferases that are potential targets for locust pest control.

Reshaping of thiamine-dependent enzymes with ferrocene-mediated electrocatalysis can unlock an unnatural dynamic kinetic oxidation of α-branched aldehydes, providing new opportunities for making molecules.

Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) contribute to therapeutic resistance via enhanced capability of DNA damage repair. Here the authors identify that the upregulated transcription factor AATF in GSCs modulates the stability and release of XRCC4 protein to promote DNA repair and resistance to radiotherapy.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are approved to treat iron deficiency and have been reported to reduce leukaemia in preclinical models. Here, the authors show that carboxymethyl dextran-coated IONP, but not other types of surface coating, activate the complement alternative pathway, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and adaptive immunity to reduce leukaemia burden in mouse models.

In a large-scale, international, multicenter, phase 1/1b trial, treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors with the B7H3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate YL201 was safe and showed preliminary clinical efficacy.

In this work, authors show that the key epigenetic regulator Gcn5 contributes to multidrug resistance in Candida auris. The inhibition of its activity by CPTH₂ synergizes with caspofungin, presenting a promising antifungal strategy.

Real-time road damage detection is crucial for public transportation management. Here, authors present a lightweight neural network framework that enables efficient surface distress recognition on mobile devices for transportation engineering.

Tuning the b-axis length of silicalite-1 crystals allows control over the migration–agglomeration–lockup of active metal species in zeolites, which enables the creation of stable and durable catalysts for propane dehydrogenation in industrial applications.

A study of human and mouse models of pancreatic cancer finds that inhibiting the lipid kinase PIKfyve interferes with the cancer’s lipid homeostasis, making it a potential target for drug development.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

A method mediated by [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is developed to synthesize a uniform, purer-phase 2D perovskite capping layer on 3D perovskite films. The PCBM interlayer mediates the reaction of the 2D passivator with the 3D perovskite and prevents grain-boundary etching, enhancing solar cell efficiency and stability.

This study identifies monoclonal antibodies A138 and B026 targeting MPXV proteins M1R and B6R. Both antibodies exhibit neutralization of MPXV and VACV, and their combination enhances protective efficacy in mice, supporting a dual-targeting strategy.

Lu and colleagues show that signaling through the lactate receptor HCAR1 in colorectal tumor cells promotes the recruitment of immunosuppressive CCR2⁺ PMN-MDSCs and that inhibition of HCAR1 by reserpine augments the CD8⁺ T cell-mediated antitumor immune response.

This study reports the horizontal gene transfer of CSP genes from bacteria to Triticeae, promoting the adaptation and spread of wheat through enhanced drought tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency.

Multi-region sequencing of small cell lung cancers (SCLC) can improve our understanding of the disease. Here the authors analyse 120 multi-region samples from 40 SCLC patients with whole exome sequencing and characterise their mutational burden, evolution, heterogeneity, and potential prognostic biomarkers.

By using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, researchers observe layer-dependent electronic correlations in rhombohedral graphene multilayers at 77 K, revealing the layer-enhanced low-energy flat bands and interlayer interactions.

Multiomics joint analyses based on a structural variant (SV) map from 16 genome assemblies and 2,105 resequenced accession genomes shed light on the regulatory effect of SVs on gene expression and trait variation in Brassica napus.

Identification of a broadly therapeutic antibody h1A6.2 against enteroviruses, which mimics the entry receptor SCARB2 and triggers monocyte/macrophage-dependent Fc effector functions in mice.

Enzyme-bound ketyl radicals derived from thiamine diphosphate are selectively generated through single-electron oxidation by a photoexcited organic dye and shown to lead to enantioselective radical acylation reactions.

Chen, Hu, Zhao, Fang and colleagues show that the ribosomal large subunit protein Rpl12 functions as a conserved ribophagy receptor in multiple organisms.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene. Here, the authors develop MyoAAV-UA, a compact utrophin activator, as a promising universal treatment for DMD through a homologous protein activation approach.

Antibodies targeting sclerostin can ameliorate postmenopausal osteoporosis but present some cardiovascular risk. Here the authors show that the cardiovascular and skeletal effects of sclerostin are mediated by different loops, suggesting ways to preserve the positive effects on bone formation while avoiding the negative cardiovascular consequences.

How GWAS-annotated noncoding SNPs contribute to diabetes remains unclear. Here, the authors report that the noncoding SNP rs6048205 drives stage-specific defects in human pancreatic differentiation and increases diabetes susceptibility in mice.

Dielectric materials with high energy storage performance are desirable for power electronic devices. Here, the authors achieve high energy density and efficiency simultaneously in multilayer ceramic capacitors with a strain engineering strategy.

The histone deacetylase HDAC6 is a sensor of valine levels, and the abundance of valine in cells regulates DNA damage and cell homeostasis functions.

Here the authors analyzed 3.7 petavoxels of 3D imaging data from 204 mouse brains, aiming to comprehensively characterize diverse morphological and modular patterns conserved across six spatial scales of mouse brain anatomy, ranging from the whole-brain scale to synaptic levels.

In a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 2 trial, neoadjuvant chemoradiation with PD-1 blockade elicited a pathological complete response rate superior to that with neoadjuvant chemoradiation alone in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Nano-groove traps at grain triple junctions significantly affect cation homogeneity in formamidinium–caesium perovskite films. Shallowing these traps improves interfacial properties and enhances solar cell performance.

The authors show that ELL3 maintains chromosomal ploidy by promoting spindle assembly and driving chromosome movement in oocytes. Deficiency of ELL3 results in oocyte aneuploidy and may lead to early miscarriage.

INSM1 is a key regulator of neuroendocrine differentiation and a biomarker for tumorigenesis. Here, the authors reveal the dynamic conformations of its five zinc fingers and show how INSM1 cooperates with TEAD1 and CTCF to regulate transcription by targeting specific genomic loci.