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Proteome profiling of plasma samples in human pan-cancer cohorts reveals patterns of biomarkers for diagnosis.

Sustainable management of soil organic carbon (SOC) in farmland is critical for mitigating climate change and improving soil health. Degradable film mulching is a promising alternative to plastic film mulching, sequestering SOC and reducing C loss in dryland agroecosystems under climate change.

The clinical activity of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for treating locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (LA-OSCC) remains uncertain. In this single-arm, phase II trial, the authors show that neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin provides a favourable pathological response and manageable safety in patients with LA-OSCC while baseline CD4_Tfh_CXCL13 cells may serve as a predictive biomarker of efficacy.

Reshaping of thiamine-dependent enzymes with ferrocene-mediated electrocatalysis can unlock an unnatural dynamic kinetic oxidation of α-branched aldehydes, providing new opportunities for making molecules.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are approved to treat iron deficiency and have been reported to reduce leukaemia in preclinical models. Here, the authors show that carboxymethyl dextran-coated IONP, but not other types of surface coating, activate the complement alternative pathway, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and adaptive immunity to reduce leukaemia burden in mouse models.

In a large-scale, international, multicenter, phase 1/1b trial, treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors with the B7H3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate YL201 was safe and showed preliminary clinical efficacy.

Metal oxide semiconductor-based sensors are promising for hydrogen detection but their detection speed and selectivity are still limited. Here, a hydrogen sensor consisting of palladium single atom-doped tin oxide shows a response speed to hydrogen of 3 s and a detection limit of 50 parts per billion.

Liu and colleagues examine how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants evade CD8⁺ T cell epitope recognition.

Using data recorded by a new seafloor seismic network, the authors reveal the detailed 3D structure of the source zone of the great 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, which sheds new light on the mechanism of the great earthquake and tsunami.

Tuning the b-axis length of silicalite-1 crystals allows control over the migration–agglomeration–lockup of active metal species in zeolites, which enables the creation of stable and durable catalysts for propane dehydrogenation in industrial applications.

Chen, Hu, Zhao, Fang and colleagues show that the ribosomal large subunit protein Rpl12 functions as a conserved ribophagy receptor in multiple organisms.

Here the authors analyzed 3.7 petavoxels of 3D imaging data from 204 mouse brains, aiming to comprehensively characterize diverse morphological and modular patterns conserved across six spatial scales of mouse brain anatomy, ranging from the whole-brain scale to synaptic levels.

This study reports the horizontal gene transfer of CSP genes from bacteria to Triticeae, promoting the adaptation and spread of wheat through enhanced drought tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency.

Lu and colleagues show that signaling through the lactate receptor HCAR1 in colorectal tumor cells promotes the recruitment of immunosuppressive CCR2⁺ PMN-MDSCs and that inhibition of HCAR1 by reserpine augments the CD8⁺ T cell-mediated antitumor immune response.

Multi-region sequencing of small cell lung cancers (SCLC) can improve our understanding of the disease. Here the authors analyse 120 multi-region samples from 40 SCLC patients with whole exome sequencing and characterise their mutational burden, evolution, heterogeneity, and potential prognostic biomarkers.

Enzyme-bound ketyl radicals derived from thiamine diphosphate are selectively generated through single-electron oxidation by a photoexcited organic dye and shown to lead to enantioselective radical acylation reactions.

Membranes with a balance between water permeability and salt rejection are desirable, and can be developed through self-assembly and aggregation. Here, the authors report a hydrogen-bonding strategy in a nanoconfined space to give controlled crystallisation, for membranes for reverse osmosis.

SN2N, a Self-inspired Noise2Noise module, offers a versatile solution for volumetric time-lapse super-resolution imaging of live cells. SN2N uses self-supervised data generation and self-constrained learning for training with a single noisy frame.

Modifying plant lignin pathway to enhance saccharification efficiency is often associated with growth penalty. Here, the authors show that overexpression of Pag-miR408 in poplar leads to enhanced saccharification efficiency and growth in both laboratory and field conditions, and laccase genes are the targets of Pag-miR408.

A prophylactic cancer vaccine consisting of commercial adjuvants wrapped by membranes from pluripotent stem cells inhibited tumour progression in mice, owing to shared antigens between tumour membranes and the pluripotent stem cell membranes.

The regulation of oncogenic protein sulfiredoxin-1 (SRX) remains to be understood. Here the authors show that SRX is targeted for ubiquitination and degradation by Keap1, the substrate-specific adaptor of the Cullin3 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Inactivation of Keap1 leads to accumulation of SRX and progression of colorectal cancer.

Multiscale phase-contrast CT combined with 3D visualization provides insights into the morphological mechanisms of damage, compensation and repair of blood circulation pathways within the intact liver lobe during acute liver injury in mice.

Here, the authors show that GalNAc-T3 and T7 regulate furin cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via O-glycosylation. This influences viral assembly and infection, highlighting glycosylation as a host defense mechanism.

Sparse labelling and whole-brain imaging are used to reconstruct and classify brain-wide complete morphologies of 1,741 individual neurons in the mouse brain, revealing a dependence on both brain region and transcriptomic profile.

Identification of a broadly therapeutic antibody h1A6.2 against enteroviruses, which mimics the entry receptor SCARB2 and triggers monocyte/macrophage-dependent Fc effector functions in mice.

The histone deacetylase HDAC6 is a sensor of valine levels, and the abundance of valine in cells regulates DNA damage and cell homeostasis functions.

Enantioselective three-component radical cross-coupling is achieved using a thiamine-dependent enzyme and photoredox catalysis, giving access to ketone products with exceptional stereoselectivity.

Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) plays critical roles in the host response to infection and in the production of interferon. Here the authors suggests myristic acid is involved in the homeostatic balancing of STING dependent autophagy and the interferon response.

The transmembrane protein Wntless (WLS) is essential for the secretion of Wnt proteins, which are signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways. Here, the authors present the 2.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human WLS in complex with Wnt3a and discuss mechanistic implications for the palmitoleoylation of Wnt3a that is required for WLS mediated Wnt secretion.

The authors show that ELL3 maintains chromosomal ploidy by promoting spindle assembly and driving chromosome movement in oocytes. Deficiency of ELL3 results in oocyte aneuploidy and may lead to early miscarriage.