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Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems can be optimized using TextGrad, a framework that performs optimization by backpropagating large-language-model-generated feedback; TextGrad enables optimization across diverse tasks, including radiotherapy treatment plans and molecule generation.

Clinical approaches for cancer therapy face several interrelated challenges. Here, Xue et al. presented an integrated wearable flexible ultrasound microneedle patch that serves as a portable platform for convenient and minimally invasive cancer therapy.

R. Khasanov et al. report thermodynamic and muon-spin-rotation measurements on the Mo₅Si_3−xP_x superconducting family. They find that a flat band reaches the Fermi level at x ≃ 1.3, leading to enhancement of electronic correlations and an abrupt change of the superconducting properties.

The early pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease is not well understood. Here the authors perform large-scale proteomic analyses of incident Parkinson’s disease to reveal pathophysiological insights and potential biomarkers, providing targets for early disease detection and guiding targeted therapeutic strategies.

The exact mechanism for superconductivity in iron-based superconductors remains elusive, but is thought to involve complex interactions between many orbitals. Using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, Liuet al. report the electronic structure of the single-layer parent compound FeSe.

It is known that the spin-excitation spectrum of the undoped parents of iron-pnictide superconductors contains a pronounced magnon peak, but it is unclear whether this survives doping into the superconducting state. Schmitt et al.report resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra that suggest it does.

Ye et al. find a positive causal effect of mental well-being on healthy aging, independent of socioeconomic status. This work underscores the imperative to prioritize mental well-being in health policies geared to fostering healthy aging.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

The authors report a wet-chemical selenization-based anisotropy optimization to control the orientation of the Ag₂Se thin film, achieving a power factor of 30.8 μW cm⁻¹ K⁻² in the thin film and a normalized power density of 1.8 μW cm⁻² K⁻² in the device.

Wearable thermoelectric devices are promising, though fabricating a breathable, sensitive, and washable devices has been a challenge. This report shows a woven thermoelectric fabric, incorporating rigid and flexible layers, for smart wearable devices.

Challenges of zinc electrodes imped their progress in energy storage. Here, authors propose a parts-per-million scale electrolyte additive, phosphonoglycolic acid, enabling Zn stripping/stripping for nearly a year in coin cells, and exhibiting high durability in pouch cells and redox flow batteries.

There is a long-standing trade-off between piezoelectric coefficient and mechanical quality factor for piezoceramics. Here, authors embed local defect dipoles into phase boundary engineering to relieve this relationship in (K, Na) NbO3 piezoceramics.

The authors develop lattice defect engineering through Cu doping to realize a high figure of merit in n-type polycrystalline PbSe, finding that Cu induced interstitial defects and nanoprecipitates simultaneously optimize electron and phonon transport properties.

Organic luminescent materials attract attention due to their wide application range, but many organic luminogens suffer from severe quenching effect in the aggregate state. Here, the authors demonstrate a macrocyclization induced emission enhancement by linking luminophores through methylene bridges to give a macrocycle.

Early life experience modulates stress resilience in later life. Here the authors show that maternal care triggers microglia-derived IGF-1 levels, which suppresses the neuronal C/EBPβ-DRP1 axis, promoting stress resilience in adolescent mice.

Here the authors demonstrate a temporal Vernier caliper for arbitrary waveform synthesis with a sampling rate over 1 TSa/s. These results, which surpass current electronic systems by an order of magnitude, have potential applications in radar and high-speed communications.

MAVS and MITA are adapter proteins that play distinct roles in the context of the host response to RNA and DNA viruses, respectively. Here the authors implicate RNF115 in dual temporal and spatial mechanisms of interacting and catalyzing distinct ubiquitination of MAVS and MITA to modulate RNA and DNA antiviral immune responses.

Photonic quantum memories are necessary for quantum information networks and can be built using cold atomic gases. In this work, Ding et al. show the first storage and retrieval of single photons carrying orbital angular momentum using electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold rubidium ensemble.

Metabolic rewiring supports cancer progression and therapy resistance. Here, the authors show that upregulation of the mitochondrial genome-encoded complex IV protein MT-CO2 is induced upon glucose deprivation to promote glutaminolysis through epigeneticmediated mechanisms.

In the phase 2 trial NEOSUMMIT-01, perioperative treatment of patients with locally advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma with anti-PD-1 and SOX/XELOX versus SOX/XELOX alone improved pathological complete response or near-complete response rate.

Pt oxides are essential catalysts in many critical reactions, but are typically unstable and prone to evaporation above 700 K. A two-dimensional layered Pt oxide with exceptional thermal stability is introduced, capable of surviving at high temperatures.

CD388 is a first-in-class antiviral drug–Fc conjugate engineered for extended half-life that demonstrates potent prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against lethal influenza A and B challenge in mice.

Radiopharmaceuticals engineered with click chemistry to selectively bind to tumour-specific proteins can be used to successfully target tumour cells, boosting the pharmacokinetics of radionuclide therapy and improving tumour regression.

The authors introduce nanoscale titanium layers to boost the flexibility of flexible thermoelectric device with 162 thin-film legs (p-Bi0.5Sb_1.5Te₃/n-Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3), achieving a high normalized power density >4 μW cm⁻² K⁻² and offering good flexibility.

Inert C–C bond cleavage remains a challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, the authors report a retro-Diels-Alder process via palladium catalysis to achieve selective C(alkyl)–C(vinyl) bond cleavage.

Catalyst deactivation commonly occurs in heterogeneous catalytic advanced oxidation processes, but the mechanisms are not well understood. This study finds that catalyst deactivation is closely related to deposition of polymeric products of the pollutant-removal process.

The potential of oncolytic virus (OV) for cancer therapy is limited by the efficiency of immune response induced. Here the authors show that HSV-1-based OV is capable of triggering ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis resulting in effective tumor growth inhibition.

Atropisomers with a chiral C-N axis are useful for natural products synthesis and as ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Here, the authors reportt a π-π interaction and dual H-bond concerted control strategy in enantioselective C-H amination affording configurationally stable N-C atropisomers.

Optically reconfigurable elements are in demand for future applications. The authors report on the use of chirality-invertible cholesteric liquid crystals to actively manipulate geometric phase and create switchable planar optics elements that perform a variety of functions.

Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in two hospitals in Wuhan indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to be transmitted through aerosols, although the infectivity of the virus RNA was not established in this study.

Species genomes are important for analyses of genetic variation. Wu et al. assembled a T2T genome of a male cashmere goat, including 288.5 Mb of previously unresolved regions, and identified selective variants and genes associated with domestication and cashmere traits.

The assembly of giant silver clusters by using macrocylic multidentate ligand remains a challenge. Here, the authors synthesize a chromate-templated 88-nuclei silver super calix and reveal the role of anion templating effects and a hierarchical assembly mechanism.

Due to the special structures and relatively large sizes, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of inherently chiral calixarenes is challenging with limited examples available. Here, the authors report the enantioselective synthesis of inherently chiral sulfur-containing calix[4]arenes through the desymmetrizing electrophilic sulfenylation of calix[4]arenes.

The neutron star birth-mass function, based on 90 mass measurements, shows a unimodal turn-on power-law shape peaking at 1.27 solar masses. This model links supernova progenitors and binary evolution to observed mass constraints.

The authors make a bimodal network polyacrylate dielectric elastomer featuring high driving frequency like silicones and thereby a high power density of 154 W kg⁻¹@20 MV m⁻¹, 200 Hz. Their rotary motor realizes a maximum rotating speed of 1245 rpm@ 19.6 MV m⁻¹.

Allylic amines are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis and exist in bioactive compounds, but efficient catalytic systems for hydroaminoalkylation of alkynes are needed. Here, the authors report a late transition metal‐catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of alkynes with N‐sulfonyl amines, providing a series of allylic amines in up to 94% yield.

Due to high rate of metastasis, lymphadenectomy is a cornerstone of the surgical treatment of gastric cancer however the accurate dissection of lymph nodes (LN) can be challenging. Here, the authors present the long-term outcomes of a randomised control trial investigating indocyanine green fluorescence image-guided LN retrieval in gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Superconducting qubits have been used to realize a quantum many-body state that is capable of universal topological quantum computation.

Non-fullerene acceptors have contributed hugely to the best-performing organic solar cells, yet the photo-degradation remains a hurdle preventing the practical application. In this work, research group from Zhejiang University discovers non-fused acceptors with excellent photochemical tolerance in aerobic condition, and identify the main degradation pathway.

Bloch oscillations are a fundamental electron transport phenomenon in condensed matter. Here, the authors experimentally realize spatial Bloch oscillations in a non-Hermitian integrated photonic system using CMOS compatible fabrication processes, contributing to improving the understanding of non-Hermitian transport phenomena.

Polycyclic and caged molecules are common in nature but present challenging targets for synthesis. Here, the authors report a route to caged diterpene cores and apply to the total synthesis of atropurpuran, with oxidative dearomatization/intramolecular Diels-Alder cascade, aldol and ketyl-olefin cyclizations as key steps.

Nitrate pollutants are known to contribute to a variety of environmental problems. Here, the authors suggest that nano-sized titanium dioxide, as used in numerous surface coatings, may catalyse the formation of nitrate via the photochemical reaction of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen.