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Urbanization and changing climate affect humans as well as our scourges. Focusing on Jiangsu Province, China, this study finds that scrub typhus, a bacterial vector-borne disease associated with the tropics, is expanding in temperate urban settings.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

The ectoenzyme CD73 is often elevated in tumour environments and targeting this protein is a tumour therapeutic target. Here the authors characterise a therapeutic anti-CD73 antibody cocktail which is more effective than either antibody alone and suggest a molecular mechanism of how this antibody cocktail functions.

Solid-state lithium batteries suffer from lithium dendrite formation that compromises safety. Here, authors reveal how grain boundary structures affect lithium behavior and show that selective amorphization can suppress dendrites and enhance battery stability.

The Dark sectioning algorithm removes the background and provides single-frame optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy. It offers improved quantitative analysis and deep-tissue segmentation accuracy and is compatible to diverse modalities.

It is unclear which intestinal epithelial cell-derived cytokines can precisely regulate intestinal stem cell (ISC) commitment toward specific mature cells. Here, authors identify an epithelial-derived FGF1 driving ISC toward goblet cells.

Here, the authors report a Trident strategy-enhanced generative model able to produce a large volume of high-quality simulated atomic microscopy images, which can be used to automatically resolve the interlayer sliding and twist angle of few-layered van der Waals materials with improved robustness to defects and image quality.

Exploring active and durable catalysts for seawater electrolysis is crucial for sustainable hydrogen production. Here, the authors report a strategy for designing a nickel-molybdenum catalyst for photothermal-promoted anion exchange membrane seawater electrolysis.

Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to changes in the immune system and inflammation. Here, the authors studied immune cells from healthy individuals and neurodegenerative diseases and identified sex-specific disease-associated changes.

The inherent instabilities of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the presence of water or organic compounds have limited their real-world applicability. Here, Ma and co-workers present a coating strategy to fabricate MOFs with amphiphobic surfaces, simultaneously protecting them from moisture and organic vapours.

Biological systems, subject to evolutionary optimization over millions of years, have been a source of ingenious solutions in many areas of science. Here, Han et al. develop transparent electrodes inspired by two such systems: a leaf venation and a spider’s web.

Mazdutide is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor dual agonist. Here, the authors show mazdutide was well tolerated over 24 weeks and demonstrated significant and clinically meaningful body weight loss, compared with placebo, in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity.

A Stereo-seq and scRNA-seq atlas of mouse liver in homeostasis and regeneration after partial hepatectomy identifies zonated genes, pathways, cell–cell interactions and gene regulatory networks. Functional validation finds that cooperation between TBL1XR1 and β-catenin activates hepatocyte proliferation.

The authors investigate the response of Archaea to experimental warming in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. Warming was linked to reduced diversity and convergent succession, with further links to changed ecosystem function. Stochastic processes dominated community changes but decreased over time.

Membranes with high permselectivity in high salinity conditions are desirable for efficient energy conversion. Here, the authors address the challenge by modifying the distribution of electrostatic potentials in the linkages of covalent organic framework membranes and apply the material to the conversion of low-grade waste heat into electrical energy.

A large-scale single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 adult tissues.

Wood is one of the most renewable materials with applications in construction and other industries. The authors show a process that gives low-value wood and biomass residuals a new life by transforming them into materials with mechanical properties comparable to metals and other structural elements.

SRDTrans is a self-supervised denoising method for fluorescence images powered by spatial redundancy sampling and a dedicated transformer network that achieves good performance on fast dynamics and various imaging modalities.

Artificial ion channels with multiple functions provide exciting opportunities to emulate natural processes and enhance energy conversion. Here, the authors introduce a family of photoelectrically responsive ionic covalent organic frameworks membranes for solar energy and salinity gradient energy conversion.

A comprehensive time series characterization of a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury with spatial enhanced resolution omics sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing identifies zonal responses to insult, such as cholangiocyte signaling recruiting lipid-associated macrophages.

DeepCAD-RT denoises fluorescence time-lapse images in real time.

The genome of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis is sequenced. This bivalve mollusc has a slow-evolving genome with features such as karyotype and Hox gene expression that may be close to that of the ancestral bilaterian.

Studying the genetic progression of many cancers is difficult as longitudinal samples are rarely available. Here, the authors analyse a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia over a 29 year period and track the clonal evolution of the patient’s disease and response to therapy.

DeepCAD is a self-supervised deep-learning approach for denoising calcium imaging data. DeepCAD improved SNR and facilitates neuron extraction and spike inference.

Fibroblast growth factors are involved in systemic glucose homeostasis and of interest for developing therapies for type 2 diabetes and associated metabolic diseases. Here the authors identify paracrine FGF4 as an anti-hyperglycemic FGF, which targets skeletal muscle to upregulate the glucose transporter GLUT4 cell surface abundance.

A fully integrated semiconductor microlaser that exploits spin–orbit coupling of light emits in a four-dimensional Hilbert space, with flexible control of up to six degrees of freedom.

The heterogeneous characters of fibrotic scars after spinal cord injury remains unclear. Here, the authors show the heterogeneous distribution, source and function of meningeal fibroblasts and perivascular fibroblasts in fibrotic scars.

The tyrosine kinase receptor EphB4 is shown to interact with the insulin receptor to facilitate its endocytosis and degradation, thereby decreasing insulin signaling and promoting insulin resistance.

This Perspective characterizes the major challenges to open-access water data in China. A potential data management infrastructure to improve the collection, sharing, and use of water data is outlined.

Connecting the different layers in thermoelectric modules is challenging. Yin et al. develop a low-temperature-sintered silver nanoparticle interlayer for high-temperature operation of devices based on a variety of thermoelectric materials.

This paper quantifies global urban water scarcity in 2016 and 2050 and explores potential solutions. One third to nearly half of the global urban population is projected to face water scarcity problems.

This study revealed a regulatory system in which transcription factor and histone acetylation functions are coordinated for maintaining normal stem vascular cambium development for wood formation in Populus trichocarpa.

Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients, here, the authors show disrupting tumor vasculature could recruit and activate anti-PD-L1 engineered platelet at metastatic tumor sites to block the PD-1/PD-L1 crosstalk and enhance the anticancer immunotherapy.

In this study the authors report USP48 and BRAF are frequently mutated in USP8 wild-type corticotroph adenomas, and cause Cushing’s disease mainly through promoting the promoter activity of POMC. Inhibition of BRAF may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutated corticotroph adenomas.

Haynes et al. report a daily, sleep-dependent neuron–glia lipid metabolic cycle. ApoE-dependent lipid transfer from neurons to glia protects neurons from oxidative damage during waking, and lipids are cleared from glia during sleep.

Using single-cell transcriptomics, the authors generate a brain cell atlas for the pharaoh ant including individuals of different sexes and castes and show changes in cell composition underlying division of labour and reproductive specialization.