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Sweat sensors are important in personalized healthcare using natural oxidase to target biomolecules but these reactions are susceptible to external interference. Here, the authors report tryptophan- and histidine-treated copper metal-organic frameworks which show highly selective activity for ascorbate oxidation and can serve as an efficient ascorbate oxidase-mimicking material in sensitive sweat sensors.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Cytology is commonly used for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, the authors used deep learning to develop a liquid-based cytology screening approach to detect cervical cancer in both community and hospital-based settings.

The brainstem’s internal architecture and response to TBI are underestimated. Here, authors show distinct neuronal subtypes in the brainstem and reveal that disconnection of oligodendrocytes near the IV ventricle and altered locus coeruleus connectivity occur after TBI.

Based on an immunogenicity screen of monkeypox virus (MPXV) surface proteins, the authors develop an mRNA vaccine with 12 antigens, which they combine with T cell epitope-rich regions to achieve protection through coordinated activation of humoral and cellular immune responses.

To overcome the limitation of service temperatures below 1000 °C for bioinspired ceramics, this work develops tough and strong bioinspired all-ceramics featuring a contiguous network structure that can endure temperatures up to 1300 °C.

In a phase 1/2 trial in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), followed by a phase 2 trial in an EGFR-mutant selected population, treatment with the TROP2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate sacituzumab tirumotecan led to encouraging clinical response rates, especially in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, which was supported by mechanistic data.

Wastewater treatment plants are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, the authors analyze ARGs in a global collection of samples from wastewater treatment plants across six continents, providing insights into biotic and abiotic mechanisms that appear to control ARG diversity and distribution.

Wang, Wang, Pan and colleagues uncover a C864–C869 disulfide linkage stimulated by viral RNA that drives RIG-I activation, phase separation and stimulates downstream innate immune signalling.

The quality of perovskite films and lateral contact of subcells limit the performance of perovskite solar modules. Here, authors regulate the growth of perovskites on low temperature substrate and apply an additional scribing step, realizing certified efficiency of 22.73% and long device stability.

A repurposed non-haem, iron-based dioxygenase enables the stereoconvergent reduction of alkenes with excellent selectivity. Mechanistic studies support an iron hydride pathway and reveal the molecular mechanism of stereoconvergence.

MRGPRX1 is a key GPCR expressed in the DRG for itch perception, generating scratch or avoidance behaviors. Here, authors provide structural and pharmacological insights into itch sensation, activation and G-protein signaling downstream of MRGPRX1.

Mao, Zhang, Zhuang et al. identified a subclass of endogenous retroviruses that become activated by ATF3 in senescence, generating dsRNAs that activate RIG-I signaling and drive a type I interferon response in normal and premature aging.

The role of dairy products in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention is debated. Here, the authors show that dairy consumption is associated with a lower risk of CVD and stroke, with cheese linked to reduced CVD risk, though the effects vary between Chinese and UK populations.

The Dirac equation, one of the most fundamental equations in relativistic quantum mechanics, has influenced diverse research fields. The authors demonstrate an analogue simulation of the 3+1-dimensional Dirac equation by applying parametric modulations in superconducting circuits.

Chiral oxazoline–pyridone ligands enable the enantioselective β,γ-dehydrogenation of cycloalkyl amides, with excellent enantio- and site-selectivity. The palladium-catalysed process provides access to chiral β,γ-unsaturated carbocycles and can also be combined with a C–H olefination step to form chiral γ-lactams.

In a single-arm phase 2b trial, glecirasib, an oral KRAS-G12C inhibitor, had an overall response rate of 47.9% in patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer.

High-quality genome sequence of cultivated peanut comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 protein-coding gene models provides insights into genome evolution and the genetic mechanisms underlying seed size and leaf resistance in peanut.

In a large-scale, international, multicenter, phase 1/1b trial, treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors with the B7H3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate YL201 was safe and showed preliminary clinical efficacy.

Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells operating in alkaline electrolyte are more cost-effective than their proton exchange membrane counterparts, but their performance is still considerably lower. Now, a Ni–Mo–Nb metallic glass is put forward as a hydrogen oxidation reaction catalyst with high activity and stability in alkaline electrolyte.

Sodium-ion batteries face challenges due to electrode degradation and interphase instability. Here, authors develop a smart gel polymer electrolyte for hard carbon||NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ batteries via in situ polymerization of specific monomers in conventional electrolytes.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

Intratumourally administered bacteria coated with manganese dioxide modulate the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and potently activate antitumour immune responses, as shown in multiple solid tumours in small animals.

A zeolite-confined Cu single-atom cluster was developed for the electrochemical CO reduction application, which can achieve stable CO-to-acetate conversion at an industrial current density of 1 A cm⁻² at 2.7 V with a high acetate Faraday efficiency for over 1,000 h at atmospheric pressure.

Water electrolysis is considered a key reaction for future sustainable fuel generation. Here, authors report a three-dimensional RuIrOx nano-netcage catalyst that shows high activities and efficiencies for pH-universal overall water splitting.

The production of higher alcohols is very valuable because of their high volumetric energy density. Now, Sargent, Sinton and co-workers report the design of copper nanoparticles with tailored nanocavities that promote n-propanol formation by the coupling of C2 and C1 intermediates inside the cavity.

Extreme myopia (EM) is a leading cause of sight impairment caused by progressive retinal degeneration. Here, the authors perform whole-exome sequencing to investigate rare protein-truncating variants among EM cases and identify KDELR3 which contributes to the pathogenesis of EM.

Traditional electrorefining process is limited by deposition potential of the metal itself. Here, the authors explore an in-situ anodic precipitation process based on different solubility of target metal chlorides that can efficiently separate components of aluminum alloys.

The whispering-gallery mode and the atomic collapse state are two distinct resonances in condensed matter associated with relativistic massless charge carriers. Now, it is shown that these states can coexist in graphene/WSe₂ heterostructure quantum dots.

Accessing analogs capable of mimicking ortho- and meta-substituted anilines remains challenging due to the lack of a versatile and modular synthetic method. Here, the authors present a modular approach to access a diverse array of saturated bioisosteres of anilines via photoelectrochemical-induced decarboxylative C(sp³)–N Coupling.

The authors show that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the lung are key to fighting infection and persist after viral clearance, contributing to long-term immunity and protection.