Fig. 1: The major cell clusters revealed by the primary ccRCC and BMRCC.

a Workflow showing the process of sample collection, single-cell dissociation, sorting, sequencing, and data analysis. b UMAP plot of all single cells from the primary ccRCC of early and advanced stages and BMRCC with or without treatment. Cell colors indicate unsupervised clustering subgroups. Shading ranges and colors indicate cell type. c Bubble heatmap displaying the expression levels of representative well-known markers across the cell types identified in the cohort. Dot size indicates fraction of cells with expression of the indicated gene, and colors represent the normalized expression levels. d Lollipop plot showing the tissue distribution of each major cell type by Ro/e analysis in the BMRCC compared with the primary ccRCC. Dot color indicate the cell type labeled. BMRCC-enriched types were characterized with Ro/e > 1. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare significance. e The major cell type proportions among the primary ccRCC of early and advanced stages and BMRCC with or without treatment. Colors on the columns indicate cell type. f The major cell type proportions in the heathy bone marrows and BMRCC with or without treatment. Colors on the columns indicate cell type.