Correction to: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00317-5, published online 26 July 2022.

In the version of the article initially published, there were errors in the Fig. 2b top graph y-axis unit labels (corrected to read “0, –2, –4” from “2, 0, –2”), in the Fig. 2c top graph y-axis unit orientation (“0” should appear alongside the dashed line) and in the Fig. 2d top graph y-axis units (corrected to read “2, 1, 0” from “0, –1, –2”). In the Fig. 2d x axis, “50” has been restored below the left-hand tick mark. Further, minus signs were restored to the Fig. 7a,c left-hand x-axis unit labels, and the single asterisk replaces a “ + ” symbol in the Fig. 7 caption, denoting P < 0.10. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.