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This Review discusses the different subtypes of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma in terms of molecular, genetic and clinicopathological characteristics as well as response to therapy. The authors highlight challenges associated with the rarity and heterogeneity of this subset of tumours and how investing in future research to find reliable biomarkers will be essential to improve patient outcomes.
Use of spatial transcriptomics has helped to create a functional map of cellular organization in the healthy and tumoural human prostate, creating new opportunities for understanding age-related prostatic diseases.
In this Consensus Statement, the authors describe the details of the evolution of the risk-based treatment of favourable-histology Wilms tumour (FHWT) and outline the rationale for the new risk stratification that will be used in the now open Children’s Oncology Group therapeutic trial for FHWT, AREN2231.
Mapping the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) transcriptome in prostate cancer has established its clinical potential value as a prognostic biomarker for this disease. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates genomics, transcriptomics, epitranscriptomics, proteomics and clinical oncology is essential to translate the intricacies of m6A modification into tangible benefits for patients
This Review discusses the association between semen parameters and men’s overall health, describing how these parameters can be influenced by lifestyle and environmental changes. Semen analysis is also presented as a potential tool to motivate men to undertake lifestyle changes to improve their reproductive and overall health.
In this Review, the authors discuss current immunotherapy, targeted therapy and gene therapy and propose a synergistic model of combination therapy for prostate cancer, which could enhance the effectiveness of these treatments.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with the normal function of the endocrine system leading to adverse health effects in humans. In this Review, the authors discuss how exposure to these chemicals might be major risk factors for prostate cancer, and they consider the various sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their different modes of action.
Here, the authors describe current understanding of the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and potential clinical phenotyping based on clinical examinations. They propose a rational algorithm for concomitant multimodal therapy that could help physicians to select appropriate multimodal treatment strategies.
The ways in which people express and define their own sex, gender and orientation are complex. However, these aspects are often relevant for patient care and research, which presents the need for a standardized tool for this purpose. In this Perspective, experts in the field discuss the tools that have previously been developed and propose the use of a new tool — the XYGO wind rose — to enable patients and health-care professionals to better communicate and improve care.
Testosterone replacement therapy is commonly used to treat symptomatic, laboratory-proven testosterone deficiency, but can have detrimental effects on spermatogenesis, which is troublesome in men of reproductive age. This Review describes therapeutic options for testosterone deficiency in the reproductive-aged males, discussing medical therapies with the potential to preserve or restore spermatogenesis in selected patients receiving testosterone replacement therapy.
This Expert Recommendation from the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain Research Network provides informed considerations and a greatly expanded foundation that can be used to refine the design of future therapeutic clinical trials in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
In this Review, the authors provide an overview of circulating tumour DNA and circulating tumour cells as potential biomarkers to provide therapeutic guidance and optimize disease surveillance in bladder cancer. Challenges associated with these biomarkers and future perspectives for clinical implementation are also discussed.
Results from the SWOG S1011 and LEA trials show that extended pelvic lymph node dissection during radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer offers no survival benefit. Novel perioperative systemic therapies could lead to true survival improvement for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical surgery and have the potential to implement bladder-preserving strategies.
This Review provides an overview of the main targetable surface proteins in prostate cancer, defined as the surfaceome, discussing the mechanisms of action and efficacy of currently available drugs targeting surface proteins, as well as future perspectives of integrating these treatments into prostate-cancer management.
The first study of personalized cancer vaccines for renal cell carcinoma with breakthrough results in the adjuvant setting has been published, showing a 100% efficacy rate and negligible toxic effects. However, important questions remain concerning long-term effectiveness.
In this Review, the authors present the development, structure and microenvironment, and defence mechanisms of the bladder, which together create a blueprint that can be used to optimize current models or create new approaches.
In this Perspective, the authors provide an overview of the current knowledge about a potential role of the urinary microbiome in bladder, prostate and kidney cancers, discussing available studies in which alterations of the urinary microbiome have been associated with genitourinary cancers, also including the potential mechanisms if available. Challenges associated with this body of research as well as future directions in the field are also highlighted.
This Review discusses the mechanisms and origins of cardiovascular risks associated with prostate cancer therapies, mainly focusing on differences between gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists. Cardiovascular risks associated with all other available prostate cancer treatments are also discussed.
The results of the NIAGARA trial have considerably advanced treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, establishing a new therapeutic standard for cisplatin-eligible patients. Future trials will help to answer remaining questions about perioperative treatment optimization.
Bladder instillation of gentamicin is safe and effective in treating recurrent urinary tract infection that has failed to resolve with current guideline-based treatments. It also reduces the rate of antimicrobial resistance.