Extended Data Fig. 9: SURPASS-AP-Combo trial design.

FBG, fasting blood glucose; QW, once weekly; QD, once daily; SU, sulfonylurea. a Stable doses of metformin (metformin ≥1000 mg/day and no more than the maximum approved dose per country-specific label) and/or a sulfonylurea for 2 months prior to Visit 1, and during the screening/lead-in Period. b The initial dose of insulin glargine was 6 IU/day for patients who had an average FBG concentration of ≥7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL). The initial dose of insulin glargine for patients with an average FBG concentration of <7.8 mmol/L (<140 mg/dL) might be reduced by 1-2 IU/day at the investigator’s discretion. Note: Patients titrated insulin glargine dose in a weekly manner and made the dose decision with the investigator for the first 8 weeks (phone or clinic visit). From week 8 to week 16 patients continued the titration by a phone consultation or clinic visit every other week. It was expected that the insulin dose stayed relatively stable from week 16 onwards.