Fig. 2: C-glycosylated flavone profiling in grass species.

a Phylogenetic tree of monocot species (modified from CoGe). The grass family consists of two major branches: PACMAD clade and BOP clade29,30. Gray dots indicate the species that has been reported to accumulate C-glycosylated flavones. Common names are indicated in parentheses. b Distribution of C-glycosylated core structures (aglycones bearing only C-sugars) in the Gramineae plants. The proportion of different glycosylated forms are displayed in different colors. High percentage of pentosylhexoside is observed in BOP clade, while PACMAD clade contains more monohexosides. c Heat map visualization indicates metabolic spectrum of C-monoglucosylated flavone in different tissues of five Phyllostachys bamboos. The contents of major CGF compounds range from 0.3 to 997.2 mg/kg dry weight (DW). Monoglucosides are highly accumulated in the leaves of P. meyeri McClure. L leaf, S stem, R root, Sh Shoot.