Fig. 6: Antinociceptive effects of isoorientin.

a Effects of Isoori on the first and second phases of formalin-induced nociception in mice were tested in different concentrations (7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg, i.p). Reference drug [acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 200 mg/kg, p.o.), rotundine (ROT, 20 mg/kg, i.p.)] was administered to mice. Details are described in “Methods” section. Each column represents mean ± SEM (n = 10). P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. b Isoori suppressed the synaptic accumulation of NMDA receptor GluN2B subunits and TRPV1 expression levels in the spinal dorsal horn of mice. The level of GluN2B and TRPV1 were checked using immunoblotting analysis with GAPDH as internal reference. Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. c Effects of Isoori (7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg) on TNF-α (left), IL-1β (mid), and IL-10 (right) production in formalin paw inflammation. Drug administration were described in “Methods” section. TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β interleukin-1β, IL-10 interleukin-10.