Table 3 Overview over structure and results of the models analyzing differences in female association patterns between one bonobo (Bompusa) and two chimpanzee communities (Taï East and Taï South) in relation to the presence of maximally tumescent females (MTF) while controlling for monthly percentage time feeding (proxy for fluctuation in food availability) and with bonobos and no MTF present as the reference.

From: Attractiveness of female sexual signaling predicts differences in female grouping patterns between bonobos and chimpanzees

MODEL

Model 3a: Variation in female party sizes in relation to maximally tumescent females (categorical variable: 0, less and equal 1, more than 1) N half-days = 409, N females = 34

Model 3b: Variation in female party sizes in relation to maximally tumescent females (percentage time with maximally tumescent females) N half-days = 409, N females = 34

Response

Average number of females in party over the course of a half-day focal follow

Average number of females in party over the course of a half-day focal follow

Full-null model

LRT, df=10, χ2 = 70.03, P < 0.001

LRT, df=7, χ2 = 56.83, P < 0.001

 

Est.

SE

CIlow

CIhigh

χ2

P

Est.

SE

CIlow

CIhigh

χ2

P

Intercept

1.07

0.08

    

1.34

0.07

    

Community (Taï East)

0.04

0.11

−0.19

0.24

  

−0.17

0.10

−0.37

0.03

  

Community (Taï South)

0.20

0.10

0.00

0.38

  

−0.01

0.09

−0.18

0.16

  

MTF Cat 1

0.35

0.11

0.13

0.56

        

MTF Cat 2

0.95

0.08

0.78

1.13

        

Percentage time with MTF (incl focal)

      

0.34

0.04

0.26

0.38

  

Monthly percentage time feeding

0.12

0.04

0.03

0.12

  

0.03

0.04

−0.04

0.11

  

Dominance rank

0.04

0.04:

−0.02

0.11

1.37

0.29

0.04

0.04

−0.03

0.11

0.96

0.327

Community (Taï East): MTF Cat 1

−0.17

0.18

−0.53

0.15

20.61

<0.001

      

Community (Taï South): MTF Cat 1

−0.27

0.16

−0.59

0.03

      

Community (Taï East): MTF Cat 2

−0.76

0.16

−1.11

−0.45

      

Community (Taï South): MTF Cat 2

−0.61

0.24

−1.15

−0.17

      

Community (Taï East): Percentage time with MTF (incl focal)

      

−0.23

0.06

−0.35

−0.12

17.25

<0.001

Community (Taï South): Percentage time with MTF (incl focal)

      

−0.25

0.07

−0.39

−0.13

Community (Taï East): Monthly percentage time feeding

−0.34

0.07

−0.47

−0.21

25.59

<0.001

−0.26

0.06

−0.38

−0.15

17.10

<0.001

Community (Taï South): Monthly percentage time feeding

−0.27

0.08

−0.42

−0.12

−0.19

0.08

−0.33

−0.05

Time of the day (AM)

0.01

0.05

−0.09

0.12

11.72

0.003

−0.003

0.06

−0.10

0.1

11.57

0.003

Time of the day (AM + PM)

−0.30

0.10

−0.51

−0.11

−0.31

0.10

−0.52

−0.13

Random factors

Focal identity

Focal identity

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