Fig. 1: fCOAT focusing and corresponding optogenetic manipulation schematics.
From: Robust and adjustable dynamic scattering compensation for high-precision deep tissue optogenetics

a fCOAT focusing system using feedback signal collected from PMT. b Speckle and reformed focus pattern using fCOAT system. Scale bar, 20 μm. c Intensity section profiles marked in b. d Optogenetic manipulation schematics using fCOAT system. Shaped photostimulation light formed a tight focus after passing through biological tissue. Neurons expressing both the calcium sensor and optogenetic probe were selected as targets for stimulation. e The recorded images of target neurons with shaped photostimulation light illumination. Scale bar, 40 μm. f Calcium signals acquired from images recorded as shown in e. Shadows are given by the upper and lower limits of stimulations.