Fig. 5: Based-model pharmacological validation and RA efficiency evaluation.

a Example of cut-off- sensitive and non-sensitive based atrial- and ventricular-like APs recorded during the baseline condition and the superfusion of IKur-specific blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 50 µM). b Distribution of APD20/APD90 values of 4-AP-sensitive and 4-AP non-sensitive CMs, with respect to the critical cut-off value (0.44). The “failing” cells compared to expectation are showed as green dots in the bar graph (n = 19 randomly selected cells from 4 independent differentiations) and AP waveforms are shown in the insets. c Atrial- and ventricular-like AP phenotypes represented in the panel and their quantitative change (%) with either the Std- or RA-treated cellular platform (8 independent experiments, 4 Std and 4 RA, each including 20–30 recorded cells). (Std standard protocol, RA retinoic acid, APD20/APD90 ratio between APD20 and APD90). Data shown are mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05 paired t-test RA vs Std).