Fig. 1: Overview of study design, analytic approaches and key findings.

Figures (a) and (b) represent the overview of study design, analytic approaches and key findings from adiposity to protein direction (a) and from protein to adiposity direction (b), respectively. 2SMR two-sample Mendelian randomization, AGEN Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network, BBJ Biobank Japan, BF% body fat percentage, BMI body mass index, Bonf. Bonferroni, cis-pQTLs cis-protein quantitative trait locus, CKB China Kadoorie Biobank, CVD cardiovascular disease, FDR false discovery rate, GWAS genome-wide association study, KBP Korean Biobank Project, sign. significant, T2D type 2 diabetes, TWB Taiwan Biobank, UKB UK Biobank, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio.