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Dissecting the adaptive exercise response of the neurogenic stem-cell niche in the dentate gyrus by single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals the molecular mediators that underlie exercise’s protective effects in Alzheimer’s disease.
Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.
This study maps the single-axon projections of 7,180 hypothalamic peptidergic neurons in male mice and uncovers extensive collateralization, topographic target innervation and modular intra-hypothalamic organization.
Multimodal transcriptomics unveil the molecular dynamics of neural stem cells and their surrounding niche in the aging mouse hippocampus and provide a resource to understand age-related molecular changes.
In recent years, valuable mRNA-based developmental atlases of the mouse brain have been made available. Here, the authors use single-cell mass cytometry to build a protein-based single-cell profiling of the developing embryonic and postnatal mouse brain.
Integration of postmortem molecular and dendritic spine morphological measurements enables the detection of microscale molecules associated with person-to-person variability in macroscale brain connectivity estimated from antemortem neuroimaging.
Profiling >200,000 live human microglia from 74 donors across neurological diseases reveals 12 subtypes of microglia that were validated in situ. Camptothecin is also identified as a compound reducing disease-enriched microglial subsets.
The authors perform the first single-cell profiling of m6A in the mouse brain. They uncover relative hypomethylation of microglial mRNA compared to other cell types, and they identify hundreds of RNAs that undergo differential methylation with age.
Neural changes in pregnancy are not well understood. Here Pritschet et al. present an open-access precision brain imaging resource, mapping neuroanatomical change in an individual from preconception through postpartum.
Single-cell profiling in the human cortex reveals aging-associated transcriptomic changes across all brain cell types, which overlap with effects with Alzheimer’s disease and show a convergent signature with psychopathology across multiple cell types.
The mechanisms underlying human cell diversity are unclear. Here the authors provide a single-cell epigenome map of human neural organoid development and dissect how epigenetic changes control cell fate specification from pluripotency to distinct cerebral and retina neural types.
BrainTF is the largest study to date that directly measures transcription factor (TF) binding in human postmortem brain, demonstrating improved measurements of TF activity and nominating TFs whose occupancy is enriched for risk variants of neuropsychiatric disorders.
The Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB) Precision Brain Atlas is a resource of personalized brain network topographies (n = 9,900). It also provides a probabilistic atlas and integration zones across diverse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and ages. The atlas increases the reliability of brain-wide association studies (BWAS) and improves targeting for neuromodulation.
Dopp et al. profiled gene expression in single cells from the whole fly brain, revealing how it changes with sleep/wakefulness states and circadian times. The findings highlight the role of glia in integrating sleep drive and circadian processes.
The ENIGMA-ORIGINs group presents a large and globally diverse pediatric neuroimaging dataset from birth to age 6. They use this resource to study the effects of sociodemographics and adverse birth outcomes on trajectories of brain volumes and cognition.
The neuronal subtypes regulating the emotional component of learning and memory are not fully described. Here the authors provide a molecular atlas of the adult mouse amygdala and show the subsets of cells transcriptionally responsive to fear.
The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network neuroimaging repository is a free resource consisting of PET and MRI scans from 533 individuals across 206 families who are deeply phenotyped with genetic, clinical, cognitive and biofluid sampling.
Froudist-Walsh et al. reveal organizational principles of receptor densities in macaque cortex. Densities of multiple receptor types align with changes in dendritic properties, myelin and functional networks. Data are openly released to the community.
By inferring the cellular landscape of the neocortex in 638 aged individuals from RNA profiles, the authors uncovered unique cellular communities composed of coordinated populations of multiple cell types, which were altered in Alzheimer’s disease.
By reconstructing the complete dendrites and axons for nearly 2,000 neurons in PFC, Gao et al. comprehensively classified dendrite morphology, revealed the relationship between dendrites and axons and mapped the mesoscopic PFC neural network.
