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How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

The coupling of ferroelectricity and magnetic order enables the tunability of material properties. Here, authors realize magnetic-field-enhanced ferroelectricity and electrical-field-controlled magneto-transport in non-magnetic moiré superlattices.

Genome-wide sequencing of 180 ancient individuals shows a continuous gradient of ancestry in Early-to-Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherers from the Baltic to the Transbaikal region and distinct contemporaneous groups in Northeast Siberia, and provides insights into the origins of modern Uralic and Yeniseian speakers.

Proton transfer plays a key role in nature, yet its ultrafast dynamics remain elusive. Here the authors use coincidence spectroscopy and theoretical simulations to show that radiolytic doubly-ionized pyrrole triggers proton transfer to water within 60 fs.

It is unclear how cell compartmentalization emerged in prebiotic conditions. Now it is shown that a temperature gradient in a confined space can bring the core components of a cell together.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well known breast cancer predisposition genes, however, many variants have not yet been classified for their pathogenicity. Here, the authors analyse a large combined cohort to provide evidence of variant pathogenicity.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a ___location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Here, the authors investigate the effect of perioperative levosimendan on postoperative subclinical heart failure, evaluated via NT-proBNP measurements in cardiac risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, and show no significant difference between levosimendan and placebo on the postoperative maximum NT-proBNP release.

Zeinert et al. provide cryo-EM structures of the E. coli Mg²⁺ importer MgtA: unexpectedly, this P-type ATPase is a dimer with an uncommon transmembrane ion-binding site and knotted N-terminus, which are functionally important features.

A computational model called Centaur, developed by fine-tuning a language model on a huge dataset called Psych-101, can predict and simulate human nature in experiments expressible in natural language, even in previously unseen situations.

At single-cell resolution, Tarkhov et al. delineate stochastic and co-regulated components of epigenetic aging, revealing a simultaneous loss of regulation at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels in aging.

MorphLink is a computational framework that links tissue morphology changes to molecular alterations using spatial omics data, providing intuitive visualisations of cellular behaviours from both structural and molecular perspectives.

The collapse of tropical forests during the Permian–Triassic Mass Extinction weakened carbon sequestration, sustaining high CO2 and extreme global warmth for millions of years: an example of a runaway feedback in Earth’s climate-carbon system.

Genomic analyses of DNA from modern individuals show that, about 800 years ago, pre-European contact occurred between Polynesian individuals and Native American individuals from near present-day Colombia, while remote Pacific islands were still being settled.

The mechanism of macrophage cytotoxicity against cancer cells requires further illustration. By employing CRISPR screening in CAR-macrophage and cancer cell co-culture system, the authors identify depletion of ATG9A on cancer cells sensitizes them to macrophage-mediated killing, which can be synergic with CSF1R inhibition in cancer treatment.

To develop virtual cells, mathematical models must account for the heterogeneity of single cells. Here, authors develop virtual single cell NFκB signalling networks that recapitulate heterogenous experimental stimulus-response dynamics, enabling new studies of information transmission.

Furlan’s team engineered the printing of Gd₂Zr₂O₇ photonic coatings on curved metal surfaces, achieving high reflectivity values that outperform state-of-the-art thermal barrier coatings while having remarkably low density and minimal thickness

Cell migration in confined environments is initiated by a cytoplasmic pool of anillin and Ect2 that promotes RhoA/myosin II-mediated activation at the poles of migrating cells, in a process dependent on the extracellular environment stiffness.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

No approved vaccines are available against Marburg virus. In this study, the authors developed mRNA vaccines against Marburg virus and the related Ravn virus and show that they induce robust antibody response and provide protection against homologous and heterologous viruses in guinea pigs.

Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior has been observed within 1D defects in transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, using complementary experiments and engineered defects, the authors demonstrate the importance of graphene as a substrate and its role in the formation of this quasiparticle excitation in 2D WS₂.

Experiments show that olivine is transparent at high pressure and temperature, with radiative heat transport representing 40% of olivine’s thermal conductivity. Heat radiation enhances slab’s heating rate and affects subduction dynamics.

A post-Sturtian Snowball episode of ocean deoxygenation, followed by a shift toward less reducing, but still largely anoxic conditions in the ocean, is characterised by nutrient and sulfate limitation and recorded in the Taishir Formation, Mongolia.

HiScanner, a tool for identification of copy number alterations from single cell whole-genome sequencing data, uncovers cell-type-specific somatic mosaicism in human brain and offers a way to track clonal evolution at the single cell resolution.

Here, the authors apply a standardized system, called TXsystem, to transplant wild mouse gut microbiota into SPF mice, developing “TXwildlings” mice that stably retain natural microbiota and human-like immune traits, enhancing reproducibility and translational relevance.

Using Kepler, this study identifies a compact multiplanetary system that is not flat, where gravitational interactions cause its planets’ periods to change by nearly a day per cycle and their orbital planes to tilt back and forth.

Dietary n-6 PUFAs enhance adipose tissue expandability through the PPARγ–LPCAT3 membrane remodelling axis.

There is currently no approved influenza vaccine for newborns, so development of such a vaccine is warranted. Here the authors show, using a African green monkey newborn model, that an adjuvanted nanoparticle vaccine containing the stem region of influenza hemagglutinin can induce robust IgG responses, with the functionality of the antibodies linked to viral clearance.

A microfluidic-based system enables fast screening of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through analysis of specific T-cell responses.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Speleothem records from caves in Arctic Siberia allow for the reconstruction of multiannual air temperatures during the late Miocene (8.68±0.09 million years ago). These temperatures suggest that Eurasia was mostly permafrost-free during that time.

Quantum dot spin qubits in Si can be controlled using micromagnet-based electric-dipole spin resonance, but experiments have been limited to small 1D arrays. Here the authors address qubit control in 2D Si arrays, demonstrating low-frequency control of qubits in a 2 x 2 array using hopping gates.

The loss of sea ice enhances swell-induced flexural stress in Antarctic ice shelves before large-scale calving events, according to satellite observations and swell-induced flexural stress modelling.

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) phosphorylates CD98HC to promote neutral amino acid antiporter trafficking. Here the authors show that ATM loss impairs glutamate, cystine, and arginine transport, driving metabolic stress and ataxia telangiectasia–like phenotypes.

Lung tissue-resident memory T cells (T_RM) are important for controlling respiratory infections, but how they are regulated is still unclear. Here the author compare mouse lung T_RM induced by either intranasal vaccination or direct H1N1 infection to find distinct phenotypes that converge on protecting the mice from H1N1-induced lung pathology.

The authors combine fossil occurrence data, phylogenies and climatic niche modelling to explore the palaeobiogeography of early pterosaurs and their non-flying close relatives, the lagerpetids.

Bacterial attachment on implanted medical devices depends on surface topography. Here, the authors screen combinatorially generated shapes embossed into polymers to investigate topographical control of bacterial responses to surfaces.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

Natural product–inspired compounds are primed to interact with and manipulate biological processes, but obtaining these complex molecules poses synthetic challenges. The development of a 12-step, 1-pot cascade reaction leads to the 'centrocountins', tetrahydroindoloquinolizines that modulate mitosis by targeting the centrosome-associated proteins nucleophosmin and Crm1.

Artificial intelligence (AI) system is known to improve dermatologists’ diagnostic accuracy for melanoma. This group applies the eye-tracking technology on dermatologists when diagnosing dermoscopic images of melanomas and reports improved balanced diagnostic accuracy when using an X(explainable) AI system comparing to the standard one.

Eye2Gene’s next-generation phenotyping of multimodal images increases diagnostic yield for inherited retinal diseases by improving screening, phenotype-driven variant prioritization and automatic similarity matching in phenotypic space to drive gene discovery.

Current approaches to detect allograft damages non-invasively are limited and do not differentiate between cellular mechanisms. Here, the authors show that the composition of cell-free DNA in blood samples can reveal cellular causes of allograft injury after liver transplant.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

A quantum simulation of a (2 + 1)-dimensional lattice gauge theory is carried out on a quantum computer working with neutral atoms trapped by optical tweezers in a Kagome geometry.

Hegazy and colleagues demonstrate that epithelial oncostatin M receptor expression drives gut inflammation and tumor formation.

The Fermi-LAT Collaboration reports a significant γ-ray detection (5.2σ) from the coronae of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei, revealing compact (~10 gravitational radii) and extended (~2.7 × 10⁶ gravitational radii) corona regions, challenging existing models.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.