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HiScanner, a tool for identification of copy number alterations from single cell whole-genome sequencing data, uncovers cell-type-specific somatic mosaicism in human brain and offers a way to track clonal evolution at the single cell resolution.

To develop virtual cells, mathematical models must account for the heterogeneity of single cells. Here, authors develop virtual single cell NFκB signalling networks that recapitulate heterogenous experimental stimulus-response dynamics, enabling new studies of information transmission.

A quantum simulation of a (2 + 1)-dimensional lattice gauge theory is carried out on a quantum computer working with neutral atoms trapped by optical tweezers in a Kagome geometry.

Kletter et al. show that cell state-specific cytoplasmic density controls spindle architecture and scaling in neural differentiation, suggesting that the physical properties of the cytoplasm are a determinant in organelle size control.

The authors combine fossil occurrence data, phylogenies and climatic niche modelling to explore the palaeobiogeography of early pterosaurs and their non-flying close relatives, the lagerpetids.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

Routine breast MRI scans provide an opportunity to screen for thoracic aortic aneurysms, which are more fatal in women. Here, the authors show that a fully automated AI tool can screen for these aneurysms using routine breast MRI scans.

Eye2Gene’s next-generation phenotyping of multimodal images increases diagnostic yield for inherited retinal diseases by improving screening, phenotype-driven variant prioritization and automatic similarity matching in phenotypic space to drive gene discovery.

Certain RIFINs from Plasmodium falciparum can bind to both inhibitory (KIR2DL1) and activating (KIR2DS1) immune receptors on natural killer cells, demonstrating the potential role of activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptors in targeting pathogens and controlling malaria infection.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

Marine and freshwater fisheries around the world have had stagnating stocks due to increased demands in food from a growing human population. Authors here assess how biodiversity levels of fisheries around the world can be leveraged to maximize nutrients provided with less biomass.

Artificial intelligence (AI) system is known to improve dermatologists’ diagnostic accuracy for melanoma. This group applies the eye-tracking technology on dermatologists when diagnosing dermoscopic images of melanomas and reports improved balanced diagnostic accuracy when using an X(explainable) AI system comparing to the standard one.

Using a newly developed spatiotemporal phylogeographic path analysis method combined with phylogenetic niche modelling, the authors estimate clade-wide dispersal maps spanning the early Permian to end-Triassic periods for archosauromorph reptiles.

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) phosphorylates CD98HC to promote neutral amino acid antiporter trafficking. Here the authors show that ATM loss impairs glutamate, cystine, and arginine transport, driving metabolic stress and ataxia telangiectasia–like phenotypes.

A prototypical example of a ‘strategic atom replacement’ approach enables synthesis of N-alkyl pyrazoles from isothiazoles by swapping the sulfur atom with a nitrogen atom and its associated alkyl fragment to deliver the alkylated pyrazole.

Bacterial attachment on implanted medical devices depends on surface topography. Here, the authors screen combinatorially generated shapes embossed into polymers to investigate topographical control of bacterial responses to surfaces.

The estimation of low energies of many-body systems is a cornerstone of the computational quantum sciences. This paper demonstrates on a superconducting quantum processor that the Krylov quantum diagonalization algorithm is poised to complement its classical counterparts at the foundation of computational methods for quantum systems.

Iron has been shown to be necessary for the activation and differentiation of CD8⁺ T cells. Here the authors investigate changes in CD8⁺ T cell metabolism in iron limiting conditions and find that aspartate is increased yet downstream nucleotide synthesis is suppressed and addition of exogenous aspartate partially rescues T cell function.

Green hydrogen production via water electrolysis requires a low-cost solution to provide efficient catalysts. Here, the authors report an industrially scalable method for synthesizing NiFe layered double hydroxide at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, enhancing alkaline electrolysis.

Directed evolution is a process of mutation and artificial selection to breed biomolecules with new or improved activity. Here the authors develop a directed evolution platform (PROTein Evolution Using Selection; PROTEUS) that enables the generation of proteins with enhanced or novel activities within a mammalian context.

Current approaches to detect allograft damages non-invasively are limited and do not differentiate between cellular mechanisms. Here, the authors show that the composition of cell-free DNA in blood samples can reveal cellular causes of allograft injury after liver transplant.

Lipid synthesis plays a central role in cell structure, signalling, and metabolism. Here, the authors report the abiotic formation of natural lipids in water using visible-light-driven photoredox chemistry, leading to the spontaneous assembly of protocell vesicles.

Lung tissue-resident memory T cells (T_RM) are important for controlling respiratory infections, but how they are regulated is still unclear. Here the author compare mouse lung T_RM induced by either intranasal vaccination or direct H1N1 infection to find distinct phenotypes that converge on protecting the mice from H1N1-induced lung pathology.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

A scientific paper today is inspired by more disciplines than ever before, shows a new analysis marking the journal’s 150th anniversary.

Human airway contains physiologically relevant yet rare cells, but their scarcity prevents thorough profiling and differentiation studies. Here the authors use single cell RNA sequencing to identify rare ionocytes and tuft cells, as well as a potential progenitor population with cytokine-guided differentiation into either the ionocytes or tuft cell lineage.

There is currently no approved influenza vaccine for newborns, so development of such a vaccine is warranted. Here the authors show, using a African green monkey newborn model, that an adjuvanted nanoparticle vaccine containing the stem region of influenza hemagglutinin can induce robust IgG responses, with the functionality of the antibodies linked to viral clearance.

The validation of inhibitors targeting PurF, a novel drug target for tuberculosis drug discovery, is described.

In the Tumor Profiler proof-of-concept observational study, a multiomics approach for profiling tumors from patients with melanoma was feasible, returning data within 4 weeks and informing treatment recommendations in 75% of cases.

The ability to encode and recall information about food is critical for survival. We reveal that ventral hippocampus projections to the lateral hypothalamus encode meal-related memories, and that disruption of this circuit promotes excessive eating.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

A large international panel of experts reach consensus on a new standard for reporting settings in psychedelic trials, identifying 30 key non-pharmacological factors to strengthen the rigor of psychedelic research.

Macrophage-specific genetic ablation of the EMT inducer ZEB1 reveals its pivotal role in intracellular cytokine trafficking, boosting cytotoxic T cell abundance and immune responses, thereby reducing tumor growth and metastatic colonization in mice.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well known breast cancer predisposition genes, however, many variants have not yet been classified for their pathogenicity. Here, the authors analyse a large combined cohort to provide evidence of variant pathogenicity.

Kang et al. define distinct spatial niches within glioblastoma (GBM) tumors according to their infiltrative nature and report that glioma cells induce microglia and macrophage alignments through plexin-B2 signaling, sustaining the invasive behavior of GBM.

Cao et al. show that human amygdala and hippocampus neurons encode visual facial features, bridging perception-driven representations with mnemonic semantic representations.

This study investigates how homeostatic mechanisms endow sensory representations in the auditory cortex with resilience against neuron loss. The map of sounds has the ability to recover after microablation by recruiting previously unresponsive neurons.

In CHIP, somatic mutations in a hematopoietic stem cell lead to a clonal subpopulation of blood cells. Here, the authors perform a CHIP meta-EWAS to establish its epigenetic features and age-related outcomes.

Beck et al. conducted single-cell and spatial profiling of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes, finding that malignant cellular hierarchies are driven by developmental programs and specific members of the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster.

Subcellular mRNA localization is prevalent but with poorly understood physiological roles. Here, the authors show that Net1 mRNA targeting to the basement membrane controls epithelial tissue organization and keratinocyte-stromal connections.

The complexity of epithelial cell states in the fibrotic niche in the context of chronic kidney disease remains incompletely understood. Here the authors integrate snRNA and ATAC-seq with high-plex single-cell molecular imaging to generate a spatially-revolved multiomic atlas of human kidney disease.

A modular anti-albumin nanobody conjugated to a STING agonist enhances antitumour immunity by improving pharmacokinetics, tumour accumulation and immune responses, inhibiting murine tumour growth and enhancing cancer immunotherapies.

Cell membrane plasticity is governed by metabolic processes that regulate lipid composition and morphology, features that are challenging to control in synthetic systems. Using transiently stable phospholipid mimics, it is now shown that an abiotic phospholipid metabolism can generate and maintain dynamic artificial cell membranes, driving lipid enrichment and membrane phase transitions.

PCSK9 regulates low density lipoprotein-cholesterol import and determines organ preference of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with PCSK9-low cells metastasizing to the liver and PCSK9-high cells preferring the lung.

Structural designs based on the geometric arrangement of their building blocks have been utilized to develop advanced mechanical metamaterials. Here, the authors use the DNA origami method to realize a nanoscale metastructure exhibiting mechanical frustration, the mechanical counterpart of the well-known magnetic frustration, and show that this DNA metastructure can be precisely controlled to adopt either frustrated or non-frustrated mechanical states.

Aberrant redox homeostasis links lipid metabolism and cell death programs. Here, authors reveal how cell stress reduces growth factor signaling, enriching polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids and sensitizing membranes to oxidative damage.

Recent global disruptions have revived the food self-sufficiency debate. This study analyses countries’ trade dependencies and the discrepancy between their domestic food production and guidelines for a healthy and sustainable diet across seven essential food groups.