Search

Eye2Gene’s next-generation phenotyping of multimodal images increases diagnostic yield for inherited retinal diseases by improving screening, phenotype-driven variant prioritization and automatic similarity matching in phenotypic space to drive gene discovery.

A survey of T cell repertoire evolution in the tumors, healthy tissue and blood of patients with early-stage untreated lung cancer offers an opportunity to monitor and identify neoantigen-specific T cells for personalized immunotherapy.

In this study, Aggarwal and colleagues perform prospective sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates derived from asymptomatic student screening and symptomatic testing of students and staff at the University of Cambridge. They identify important factors that contributed to within university transmission and onward spread into the wider community.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

A case–control study investigating the causes of recent cases of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in 32 children identifies an association between adeno-associated virus infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility.

Lee et al. report an engineered IgG1 Fc ___domain that behaves like an hFcRn binding pH toggle switch. The authors show that this new half-life extension Fc ___domain confers improved pharmacokinetics in new humanized knock-in mouse strains that recapitulate the key processes for antibody persistence in circulation.

The most potent neutralizing antibodies are typically generated from convalescent patients and immunized animals. Here, the authors show it is possible to generate highly potent human neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein directly from a semisynthetic naïve antibody library.

Ghorani et al. use a multiomics approach to characterize the effect of tumour mutational burden on the differentiation of CD4 and CD8 T cell subpopulations in non-small cell lung cancer.

Wu et al. utilize multiparametric analysis of early-stage human NSCLC to characterize a population of Vδ1 T cells displaying a resident memory and effector memory phenotype, which were associated with ongoing remission.

Analysis of whole-genome doubling (WGD) by using cancer sequencing data combined with simulations of tumor evolution suggests that there is negative selection against homozygous loss of essential genes before WGD but not after.

Quezada and colleagues develop improved anti-CD25 antibodies that preserve IL-2 signaling and enhance single-agent antitumor immunity and immunotherapy through specific and efficient T_reg cell depletion.

Circulating tumour DNA profiling in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer can be used to track single-nucleotide variants in plasma to predict lung cancer relapse and identify tumour subclones involved in the metastatic process.

Isolation of antigen-specific antibodies or antibody fragments, whether through B-cell immortalization or recombinant libraries, generally requires laborious screening. Reddy et al. circumvent this step using high-throughput sequencing of plasma cells and bioinformatic analysis of the variable-gene repertoire.

Georgiou and colleagues describe a single-cell, emulsion-based approach for the high-throughput determination of the paired antibody variable heavy and light chain (VH-VL) repertoire encoded by the more than 2 × 10⁶ B cells in human peripheral blood samples.

Serological detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can help establish rates of seroconversion. Here the authors develop a red cell agglutination test to detect antibodies against the receptor binding ___domain for distribution free of charge to qualified research groups.

RNA sequencing data and tumour pathology observations of non-small-cell lung cancers indicate that the immune cell microenvironment exerts strong evolutionary selection pressures that shape the immune-evasion capacity of tumours.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

Antibodies that bind to both H1 and H3 influenza strains exist in the pre-vaccination serum repertoire of healthy adults; most vaccine-elicited clonotypes bind either H1 or H3 strains.

A robust, cost-effective technique based on whole-exome sequencing data can be used to characterize immune infiltrates, relate the extent of these infiltrates to somatic changes in tumours, and enables prediction of tumour responses to immune checkpoint inhibition therapy.

Knight and colleagues report altered granulopoiesis and increased frequency of immature neutrophil subsets with immunosuppressive properties in a subset of patients with sepsis with poor outcome.

A longitudinal study of an individual patient developing neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 (targeting the V1V2 region of gp120) reveals how such neutralizing antibodies develop and evolve over time, providing important insights relevant to vaccine development.

Pulmonary venous tumor cells disseminating before tumor resection are heterogeneous, predict relapse and seed future metastasis of lung cancer

TRACERx Lung: Intratumoral transcriptional heterogeneity, which often hinders the development of clinically useful RNA-expression-biased biomarkers for cancer, can now be overcome with an approach for the identification of clonal expression biomarkers.

This manuscript investigates the binding mode of a potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. N3-1 is escaped by Omicron variants due to altered spike dynamics. This work suggests the need for innovative vaccine designs to combat evolving variants.

Multiregion spatial histology, exome and transcriptome data from patients with non-small cell lung cancer suggest that cancer subclones from immune cold regions diversify later than subclones from immune hot regions

Libraries of natively paired human VH:VL chains enable screening of the human B-cell repertoire in yeast.

A new method facilitates high-throughput sequencing of the repertoire of immunoglobulin heavy-light chain pairs in human B cells.

There is considerable variability in antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which can pose challenges for treatment of infection and antimicrobial resistance development. In this Review, Holmes and colleagues discuss how precision antimicrobial therapy, including biosensors and individualized treatment, can contribute to antimicrobial stewardship.

This protocol uses a microfluidic flow-focusing device to encapsulate single cells, enabling high-throughput sequencing of the paired immune receptor repertoire from millions of lymphocytes at the single-cell level.