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The authors develop a low carbon cement-based material which exhibits hierarchical structure with low density (0.75 g cm⁻³), high specific compressive strength (344 (kN m⁻²)/(kg m⁻³)) and fracture toughness (4865 kJ m⁻³).

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

The observation of nanocrystal crystallisation has long been a fundamental goal in nanoscience and remains a challenge due to the lack of spatiotemporal characterisation techniques. Here authors monitor the crystallisation of perovskite nanocrystals in polymer matrix at single-particle level using super-resolution florescence microscopy.

Combining antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting HER2 has been shown to improve efficacy in patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer. Here, the authors report a randomised phase 2b trial comparing neoadjuvant ARX788 (HER2 ADC) plus pyrotinib (HER1, HER2 and HER4 TKI) against neoadjuvant standard of care (docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab) for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.

Glycolytic enzymes form self-organized traveling waves at the cell membrane/cortex, boosting local ATP production and cell movement. Cancer cells with intense waves rely more on glycolysis for energy, potentially explaining the Warburg effect.

Standard approaches for identifying pleiotropic genetic variants may lead to spurious results. Here the authors present a new statistical method and show that it uncovers five genes linked to metabolites in METSIM participants, which were previously undetected by existing methods.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

An analysis of data from the Sherlock-Lung study provides insight into the mutational processes that contribute to lung cancer in never smokers, and looks at the possible role of factors such as air pollution and passive smoking.

N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester derivatives are one of the most widely used acylating agents. In this work, the authors report that ring-opening reaction of the succinimide to afford N-succinamide derivatives is a present, sometimes dominant, side-reaction of thio-NHS esters, and show that the extent of side reaction is lysine nucleophile- and therefore site-dependent with both side-reaction and desired reaction occurring within the same protein substrate.

Excessive fibrosis triggered by bisphosphonates impairs fracture healing in osteoporotic bone. Here, the authors develop an injectable magnesium-alendronate MOF-based hydrogel adhesive and show it prevents fibrosis and enhances bone repair, improving healing strength in an osteoporotic rat model.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Dysregulated R-loops can compromise genome stability, leading to pathological consequences. Li et al. demonstrate that R-loop-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 activation orchestrates exonuclease 3′–5′ ___domain-containing 2-mediated R-loop resolution, thereby safeguarding genomic integrity.

Li et al. uncover a lysosomal surveillance response whereby intestinal lumen deacidification induces a transcriptional programme that boosts lysosomal activity and improves protein aggregate clearance in multiple worm disease models, extending healthspan.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Integrated optical frequency combs are powerful tools for optical spectroscopy. Here, authors demonstrate low-power, detectable-rate soliton microcombs from telecom to visible bands, including wavelength-multiplexed operation, using ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

This work develops dye-lanthanide tandem-sensitized perovskite nanocrystals that can harvest a broad range of infrared light, upconvert it to sensitize excitons, and generate multicolor band-edge exciton luminescence

Ziwen Liu et al. report Cytoland, an approach to train robust models to virtually stain landmark organelles of cells and address the generalization gap of current models. The training pipeline, models and datasets are shared under open-source permissive licences.

Freestanding membranes of hafnium zirconium oxide can be created using pulsed laser deposition method and used as the top-gate dielectric in molybdenum disulfide transistors.

Sodium-air batteries are appealing energy storage systems due to high theoretical energy density and high sodium abundance. But they are plagued with low efficiency and large overpotential. Here, authors report long-term reversibility over 1000 cycles with 99% efficiency using a cascade electrocatalysis strategy based on Na[Li_1/3Ru_2/3]O₂ electrodes.

Marine mercury, from atmospheric Hg0 /HgII deposition, threatens ecosystems. Isotope studies proposed 1:1 HgII/Hg0 ratios but ignored spatial variability. Here, a 3D isotope model reveals HgII deposition exceed Hg0 by >2:1, revising mercury budgets.

Neural networks fundamentally dictate function. Here, the authors show thirteen uniquely connected neuron populations within the anterior thalamic nuclei, suggesting multiple parallel subnetworks support its emotional and cognitive functions.

Extreme weather events will require resilient and adaptive critical infrastructure. This study models adaptive transitions in collective travel behaviour during flood events across different cities to quantify recovery and adaptive learning from failures and reveal adaptation drivers.

The nature of the defects in amorphous materials, analogous to vacancies and dislocations in crystals, remains a matter of debate. Scalliet et al. show that localized and extended defects coexist in a wide range of conditions, yet are associated with distinct energy scales in a prototypical glass model.

Passive immunisation for respiratory syncytial virus for infants is recommended by the World Health Organization but products currently available have limited duration of protection. Here, the authors investigate the age distribution of infant hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus to inform optimal timing of immunisation.

Electronic wound bandages have to balance conformability and wound healing properties. Here, the authors develop a smart patch (iSAFE) using biomaterials with bioelectronics to facilitate permeability with waterproofing. This achieves intelligent wound management with real-time wound monitoring and active therapy.

Khan et al. show that Sec18 uses both D1 and D2 AAA+ rings cooperatively, opening them laterally for SNARE substrate loading and for subsequent release of SNAREs.

Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.

In this study, Zacher Kjeldsen and colleagues examine the role of partner mental health in maternal postpartum depression risk.

Complex traits present challenges for gene mapping and molecular characterization. Here, the authors develop a 16-generation intercross line of chickens to explore the genetic architecture of complex traits in chicken.

Using pancreatic organoids and genetic mouse models, Antonucci et al. show that cellular stress activates an NRF2–EZH2 epigenetic axis leading to metabolic reprogramming and subsequent malignant transformation of KRAS-mutant benign lesions.

Literature produced inconsistent findings regarding the links between extreme weather events and climate policy support across regions, populations and events. This global study offers a holistic assessment of these relationships and highlights the role of subjective attribution.

The effects of non-reacting components on polyatomic reactions are still largely unclear. Here, the authors show through a combined experimental and theoretical study of the D + CH₄ reaction that the CH₃ umbrella bending mode serves as a reporter mode, revealing how the D atom dynamically approaches CH₄.

The mechanism of macrophage cytotoxicity against cancer cells requires further illustration. By employing CRISPR screening in CAR-macrophage and cancer cell co-culture system, the authors identify depletion of ATG9A on cancer cells sensitizes them to macrophage-mediated killing, which can be synergic with CSF1R inhibition in cancer treatment.

Protonic-ceramic-based fuel cells and electrolysers are promising technologies for reversible energy storage and green hydrogen production from steam. However, they have poor longevity because they are chemically unstable in high-steam environments. Using a solution-deposited conformal coating to protect the electrode, researchers now reduce cell degradation rates by 100–1,000 fold.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

2D Ta-based transition metal dichalcogenides have been predicted to host highly confined plasmons, but their observation has been lacking. Here, the authors report momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements of 2H-TaS₂ monolayers and bilayers, showing plasmon resonances with lateral confinement up to 300 and group velocity down to ~10⁻⁴c at large wave vectors.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has limited dietary treatment options. Here, the authors show that torularhodin, a microbial carotenoid, alleviates NAFLD by enriching Akkermansia muciniphila and promoting adenosylcobalamin synthesis, which reduces ceramides via HIF-2α inhibition.

White-light emission from materials and devices usually occurs omni-directional through space. Here, the authors show that sintering carbon dots with TiO₂ forms a microlens-shape surface that enables directional emission with 1/60 solid angle.

A new asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor, P2EH-1V, is designed and synthesized for constructing devices demonstrating record-high efficiencies of 26.7% (certified at 26.4%) over an aperture area greater than 1 cm² in perovskite–organic tandem solar cells.

Formation of a stable self-assembled monolayer for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells remains a challenge. Here uniform and stable SAM anchoring is achieved on a hydroxylated indium tin oxide surface, leading to highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.

An analysis of 18 metagenomic datasets of individuals with colorectal cancer, adenomas and healthy controls yields improved cancer prediction accuracy based solely on gut metagenomics, as well as the identification of new species associated with the development of cancer.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

Single-metal-atom chains (SMACs) possess unique quantum properties yet suffer from structural instability. Here, the authors develop a computational protocol to screen transition metals capable of forming SMACs that are coherently confined in MoS₂ twin boundaries and stabilised by surrounding lattices. Their theoretical predictions are validated by experimentally synthesised Co, Ni, Pd, and Pt atomic chains.

Two genetically linked TdNLR genes from wild emmer wheat are both required for YrTD121-mediated stripe rust resistance. The TdNLR1 and TdNLR2 pair lacks an integrated ___domain, representing an uncommon architecture for paired NLRs in plants.