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Layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are generally formed by covalently bonded atoms, enabling mechanical exfoliation only in the out-of-plane direction. Here, the authors show the fabrication of fractional 2/3-layers of WTe₂ and other TMDs by applying local scanning tunneling microscopy tip pulses and controllably removing the topmost chalcogen atoms.

Wang, Wang, Pan and colleagues uncover a C864–C869 disulfide linkage stimulated by viral RNA that drives RIG-I activation, phase separation and stimulates downstream innate immune signalling.

In a multicenter randomized phase 3 trial, stapokibart, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets IL-4R alpha, significantly improved daily nasal and ocular symptom scores during the pollen phase in patients with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Simultaneous inhibition of LSD1 and GSK3 kinase promotes cell differentiation, providing a therapeutic strategy for treating acute myeloid leukaemia.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

BODIPYs possessing boron-stereogenic centres are rare and it is challenging to develop catalytic methodologies to enantioselectively prepare these molecules. Now, a palladium-catalysed desymmetric intramolecular C–H arylation reaction for the enantioselective synthesis of boron-stereogenic BODIPYs is reported, which gives access to various six- to nine-membered chiral boron heterocycles with good enantioselectivity.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

How chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) are spatially organized in the context of the multiscale genome architecture is unclear. Here the authors suggest how the 3D genome architecture can modulate the spatial distribution of caRNAs at different scales, and how in turn caRNA could affect the dynamic 3D genome organization.

Understanding the heterogeneity of epigenetic modifications is pivotal for unraveling cellular functions. Here, the authors developed a strategy based on multichrome encoding and “AND” Boolean logic recognition, termed as PREEM, for multiplexed imaging of m6A modifications of single-cell RNA.

Application of multiplexed RNA in situ mapping techniques to human tissues remains challenging. Here, the authors report DART-FISH, a padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling large numbers of genes in centimetre-sized human tissue sections.

The conductance of single-molecule junctions is affected by the structure of the molecule and how it is bound to the electrodes, which may be examined using Raman spectroscopy. Liuet al. have developed 'fishing-mode' tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which allows the simultaneous determination of conductance and Raman spectra.

Copolymers are the combination of two or more different monomers, often alternating in defined patterns. Here, the authors show a gradient copolymerization of two monomers with different crystalline properties, giving polymers where the crystallinity varies throughout the length of the chain.

Biological systems, subject to evolutionary optimization over millions of years, have been a source of ingenious solutions in many areas of science. Here, Han et al. develop transparent electrodes inspired by two such systems: a leaf venation and a spider’s web.

Crystalline polycarbonates can be formed by mixing enantiopure polymers with opposite configurations. Here, the authors produce crystalline intramolecular stereocomplexed polycarbonates using a racemic catalyst, and show that these display similar properties to those formed by mixing the two enantiomers.

Zhu et al show that LRRK2 kinase promotes invagination of the plasma membrane to create ‘reservoirs’, which dynamically store or release excess membrane. Salmonella can exploit these membrane reservoirs during invasion of host cells by controlling the activity of LRRK2.

Paired transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiling are used to examine the developmental trajectories of neuronal populations in the hypothalamic preoptic region, including cell types with key roles in physiological and social behaviour functions have been identified.

Multiblock copolymers (MBCPs) comprising polyester and polyacrylate segments offer an efficient strategy for enhancing the performance of polyester and polyolefin blends but synthesis and structural modification of these MBCPs remains challenging. Here, the authors propose a method for synthesizing MBCPs via the switchable polymerization of epoxides, cyclic anhydrides, and acrylates using a dinuclear Co-complex.

The high trap density associated with tin (II) oxidation impacts the device performance of methylammonium cation-free tin-lead perovskite solar cells. Here, authors employ rubidium acetate for defect passivation and achieve efficient and stable single-junction and all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

In vitro biosynthetic analysis reveals that a single trans-AT polyketide synthase (PKS) module iteratively enables five rounds of polyketide elongation and interacts with both the preceding and succeeding PKS enzymes to produce the 17-membered macrocyclic polyketide chejunolide.

Structural variants (SVs) in human genomes contribute diversity and diseases. Here, the authors use a multi-platform strategy to generate haplotype-resolved SVs for three human parent–child trios.

Super-resolution microscopy is a powerful tool for cellular studies but requires bright and stable fluorescent probes. Here, the authors report on a strategy to introduce quinoxaline motifs to conventional probes to make them brighter, more photostable, larger Stokes shift, and demonstrate the probes for biosensing applications.

(Hetero)polyaryl amines are extensively prevalent in pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and materials but the intricate and varied nature of their structures severely restricts their synthesis. Here, the authors present a selective multicomponent cycloaromatization of structurally and functionally diverse amine substrates for the general and modular synthesis of (hetero)polyaryl amines through copper(I)-catalysis.

Arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological conditions. Using proteomics, the authors here profile the methylation substrates of PRMTs 4, 5 and 7 and characterize the roles of these enzymes in cancer-associated splicing regulation.

The mystery of the missing bound states within a superconducting vortex in a pnictide superconductor has been solved. Not only are bound states present, they also provide information on the gap structure of Ba_0.6K_0.4Fe₂As₂.

Destici, Zhu, et al. identify human-specific cis-regulatory elements (CREs) through a comparative epigenomic analysis of human and mouse cardiomyocytes at early stage of development and show that these CREs could contribute to species-specific cardiac features. Human-specific enhancers were particularly enriched in SNPs associated with human-specific traits (such as increased heart resting rate, atrial fibrillation and QRS duration), and the acquisition of human-specific enhancers could expand the functionality of the conserved transcriptional regulator ZIC3 by modifying its spatio-temporal expression.

Platinum-based therapies are a key component of colorectal cancer therapy, but patients often become resistant. Here, the authors identify a non-canonical function of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) wherein its nuclear translocation increases NF-κB activity promoting resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.

The three-dimensional organization of the human and mouse genomes in embryonic stem cells and terminally differentiated cell types is investigated, revealing that large, megabase-sized chromatin interaction domains are a pervasive and conserved structural feature of genome organization.

While the list of van der Waals magnetic materials has expanded considerably over the last few years, these are still typically limited to low temperatures. Here, Wu et al report wafer scale growth, and robust room temperature ferromagnetism in Fe3GaTe2.

Analysis of chromatin state and accessibility in mouse tissues from twelve sites and eight developmental stages provides a comprehensive view of chromatin dynamics.

The authors here show that chromatin interactions during mouse fetal development are spatiotemporally dynamic. Integrating interactomes with other datasets predicts target genes for candidate enhancers and helps interpret noncoding risk variants in the human genome.

Genetic deletion or transcriptional silencing of HERV-H elements in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) eliminates nearby topologically associating ___domain boundaries, while de novo insertion of HERV-H elements can introduce new ones. Mutations of specific HERV-H elements can impact hPSC differentiation.

This proteomic landscape study reveals proteins associated with the functional specificity of rice tissues, and further multi-omics analysis shows that N⁶-methyladenosine in untranslated regions is negatively correlated with protein abundance.

The Hippo signalling pathway is commonly mutated across cancer types. Here, the authors identify 85 loss-of-function missense mutations within Hippo signalling genes and highlight the mechanisms underpinning mutations in MOB1 and NF2.

Bing Ren and colleagues generate base-resolution maps of DNA methylation in 17 adult mouse tissues. They identify tissue-specific differentially methylated regions and show that they occur at distal cis-regulatory elements, many of which bear enhancer features.

An analysis of genome-wide chromatin interactions during human embryonic stem cell differentiation reveals changes in chromatic organization and simultaneously identifies allele-resolved chromatin structure and differences in gene expression during differentiation.

A novel approach to analyse high-depth Hi-C data provides a comprehensive chromatin interaction map at approximately 5–10 kb resolution in human fibroblasts; this reveals that TNF-α-responsive enhancers are already in contact with target promoters before signalling and that this chromatin looping is a strong predictor of gene induction.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) and their redox partner cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) often perform poorly in bioproduction of natural products by engineered prokaryotic microbes. Here, the authors report spatial architecture-guided P450-CPR assembly for improving the biosynthetic performance of both plant and human P450s in E. coli.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Here, in a randomized, parallel-group, positive-drug, and placebo-controlled clinical trial, the authors show that supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 (BL-99) improves FD clinical response rate and promotes accumulation of SCFA-producing microbiota.

A new algorithm enables scalable and iterative integration of single-cell datasets.

J-aggregation, is an effective strategy to extend the wavelength of organic NIR-II fluorescence dyes but weak intermolecular interactions often lead to decomposition of the aggregates in biological environment. Here, the authors demonstrate a series of activatable quinazoline derivatives which can self-assemble in vivo into highly stable NIR-IIJ-aggregates.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

In this Resource, authors profile peripheral immune cells from a total of 220 healthy volunteers from birth to over 90 years. This revealed that T cells were most affected by aging with divergent aging patterns in different subsets and identified a population of cytotoxic B cells that were enriched in children.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) has been described as a cancer-promoting factor and also involved in the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here the authors report that ID1-expressing tumor associated macrophages favor colorectal cancer progression by promoting cancer cell stemness and CD8⁺ T cell exclusion.

Loss of function alleles of two genetically interacting loci mediate both segregation distortion and interspecific hybrid incompatible via epigenetic regulation in rice.