Search

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) plays a key role in soil carbon storage. Here, the authors show that CUE declines with soil depth across 60 forest sites, driven by microbial diversity in topsoil and by physicochemical protection in deeper layers.

The phenomenon of Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) flooding caused by marine eutrophication has resulted in serious environmental impact. Here, the authors demonstrate an application of Fenton’s reagent in the rapid recovery and utilization of EP.

This study develops a barcoding method that uses machine learning models and low-coverage genome sequences for species identification across all domains of life.

Monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) contributes to DNA replication but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors identify a conserved tandem Tudor ___domain of BAHCC1 as a H4K20me1-specific reader, which promotes the recruitment of MCM complex to chromatin for efficient DNA replication.

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) harboring rare codons are upregulated in the Drosophila brain. In this study, the authors demonstrate that such rare codon mRNAs are present in Drosophila neurons but not in neuroblast cells, and that Orb2 positively regulates rare-codon-dependent mRNA stability in neurons.

The genetic basis underlying resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) in oilseed rape remains elusive. Here, the authors identify BnaA07.MKK9 as a pivotal regulator of SSR resistance in oilseed rape by GWAS, providing new insights into plant defense mechanisms against necrotrophic pathogens.

In situ methods for water quality monitoring is crucial for global water use and management, though many conventional sensors have slow response time and are non-recyclable. Here, the authors report a recyclable amphiphobic dielectric material for fast monitoring of water pollutants.

Zhao et al. identified a novel E3 ligase RED and its E2 partner UBC32 which mediates ethylene-induced degradation of ethylene receptors ETR3 via the ERAD pathway in Rosa hybrida and Solanum lycopersicum, providing new insights into controlling ethylene response through receptor turnover.

Hu et al. discovered that the truncated form of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), called p95HER2, drives tumor progression and resistance to the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2⁺ breast cancer. Blocking p95HER2 restores antitumor immunity.

In this randomized crossover pilot study, the authors collected human gastrointestinal digesta using a unique intubation technique to compare how meals with contrasting cellular structures affect postprandial luminal metabolites, glycaemia, gut hormones and satiety sensation.

Stem cell migration plays critical roles in the regeneration of adult tissue. Here, the authors demonstrate that Wnt5a-mediated activation of non-canonical Wnt signaling promotes migration of airway stem cells after epithelial injury.

Lan et al. demonstrate the high performance of plasma p-tau217 in detecting and tracking multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, outperforming other plasma tau biomarkers across two Chinese cohorts (GHABS and Huashan) and the North American ADNI cohort.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), disruptions in myelin and axonal structures occur, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here the authors show that, at the myelin–axon interface, axon–glial signaling, paranodal architecture and amyloid-β aggregation are altered in AD, implicating myelin–axon disruption in disease progression.

The authors present a 3.5-million-year-long pollen record from the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 3,442 m above sea level. The ~5,000 pollen assemblages retrieved from the core reveal many ecosystem transitions during this time and, when correlated with climatic curves, indicate what effects future warming may have on regional vegetation.

The authors describe a new crosstalk between a globally disseminated carbapenem resistance plasmid and clinical enterobacteria clones. This crosstalk provides a fitness advantage to the plasmid-carrying bacteria, promoting the spread of resistance.

Cellular quiescence is a reversible dormant state that helps cells survive stress, support tissue regeneration, and promote longevity. Here, the authors show that blocking ribosomal RNA production by rapid depletion of RNase MRP induces a long-lasting quiescence-like state in human cells.

The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. Here, by elucidating the developmental signals involved in ureteral progenitors, the authors create ureteral organoids using mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.

Researchers uncover how plants control the stereochemistry of steroidal alkaloids, key compounds in defense. They show that evolution of GAME8 enzymes in Solanum species has shaped alkaloid diversity, including cases of reverse evolution in wild tomatoes.

Impact-related cooling of asteroids happened between 7.8 and 11.7 million years after Solar System formation due to dynamical forcing following the gas disk dissipation, an early giant planet instability, or a combination of the two.

Chondritic meteorites formed in the early solar system and may tell us about primary processes at that time. Here, Zhang et al. report an absolute ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb isochron age (4,450±50 Ma) of apatite from a carbonaceous chondrite constraining timing of fluid activity in meteorites.

The impact flux in the inner Solar System just after its formation is studied by looking at the highly siderophile element abundance of Vesta. Results show that leftover planetesimals from the terrestrial planet region have been the major impactor source, indicative of a skewed mass distribution in the primordial inner Solar System.

Sustainable management of soil organic carbon (SOC) in farmland is critical for mitigating climate change and improving soil health. Degradable film mulching is a promising alternative to plastic film mulching, sequestering SOC and reducing C loss in dryland agroecosystems under climate change.

Constraints from satellite dynamics coupled with spin angular momentum show that young Jupiter had a radius twice its current value and a ~21 mT magnetic field, and was accreting material at a rate of one Jupiter mass per million years.

Leftover materials in protoplanetary disks form planets, shaping their chemistry, atmospheres and habitability. This Review highlights how planetesimal formation and pebble accretion explain planetary compositions, influencing volatile delivery and atmospheric development, with implications for planetary habitability beyond our Solar System.

Nitrogen isotope evidence of Mid-Devonian photosymbiotic associations in certain types of corals suggests that autotrophic and heterotrophic corals co-existed on extinct reefs, as today, but in warmer oceans, indicating the current warming rate, not temperature, is causing coral bleaching.

In the IMpower151 trial, the drug combination previously shown to be effective in the IMpower150 trial was not significantly effective in a Chinese population.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Zhang et al. identify GLP-1 receptor agonists mitigating Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive decline and amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model via promoting phagocytosis and through activation of the CaMKK2–AMPK signaling pathway.

An endohedral metallofullerene–polymer layer, which features ultrafast electron extraction and in situ encapsulation, improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

The behavior of exosomes in vivo is not completely elucidated. Here the authors develop a genetically engineered mouse model (ExoBow) to trace the distribution of exosomes, showing local and inter-organ communication networks, either specific or shared between healthy pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) coopts mitosis for nuclear entry by tethering the viral DNA to mitotic chromosomes, a process facilitated by the viral minor capsid protein L2. Here, Rizzato et al. show that L2 contains conserved phosphorylation motifs within the chromosome-binding region and provide evidence that host master mitotic kinases CDK1 and PLK1 sequentially mediate phosphorylation of L2 at mitosis onset to allow timely tethering of viral DNA to mitotic chromosomes.

Scorpio enhances genomic language models with contrastive learning and hierarchical sampling to improve classification, generalization, and biological representation, enabling transferable embeddings to other domains.

The aqueous activity responsible for carbonate formation on Ryugu happened much earlier—less than 1.8 million years after CAI formation—than estimates (4–6 Myr) from carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Ryugu’s parent body either was smaller than ∼20 km in diameter or was disrupted before reaching the high temperatures required.

Tumor suppressor PALB2 is known to interact with BRCA1 and BRCA2, and to be required for the latter's localization to sites of DNA damage. Now PALB2 is shown to bind directly to DNA, to recombinase RAD51 and its accessory factor RAD51AP1. PALB2 also stimulates D loop formation by RAD51 in a synergistic manner with RAD51AP1.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly relevant to assist with oncology imaging, but diagnosing rare tumours remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an AI approach to detect rare thyroid cancer subtypes by integrating clinical knowledge with image generation based on ultrasound imaging data from large patient cohorts.