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Converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) is challenging. Here, the authors develop a photoelectrochemical biohybrid system for fixing N2 into NH3, which consists of Cu2O/TiO2 nanowires and the N2-fixing diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii.

Zhang et al. show that YAP binds to TDP-43 to promote TDP-43 multimerization and phase separation. YAP and TDP-43 may co-localize in multiple cell types in oxidative stress and in brain samples from individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Neural Perturbational Inference is an approach for estimating effective connectivity, in which virtual perturbations to a surrogate brain allow gaining insights into human brain functions.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Using two cohorts, Liu, Ge, Xiao, Lu and colleagues perform plasma metabolomics and lipidomics, linking reduced sarcosine to sarcopenia diagnosis. In mice, they demonstrate that sarcosine enhances muscle repair, boosts adipose thermogenesis and preserves muscle mass via macrophage modulation.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

The first outbreaks of mpox outside Africa in 2022 were caused by clade II but cases of a new clade Ib have been increasing in the Democratic Republic of Congo and neighbouring countries since 2024. Here, the authors describe a case report and public health investigation of the first detected case of mpox clade Ib in China.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Whether and how chronic stress, often experienced by patients with chronic liver disease, affects liver regeneration remains mysterious. Here, authors show a “brain-to-liver” neural connection that mediates chronic stress-evoked deficits in liver regeneration.

A combination of metagenomic data from experimental and natural warming with microbial culturing experiments shows that warming increases the potential of evolution of antibiotic resistance in soil bacteria.

Efficient adenine base editors for mitochondrial DNA are achieved with evolved TadA deaminases.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

The mechanism of HIV-1 latency reversal remains unclear. The authors suggest that PRMT3 drives the reversal by enhancing chromatin accessibility to form a transcriptional hub containing TEAD4 and P-TEFb at the viral promoter.

The construction of atropisomers with 1,2-diaxes, while maintaining high enantiocontrol, presents a significant challenge due to the dynamic nature of steric hindrance at ortho-aryl substituents. Herein, the authors report the synthesis of diverse atropisomeric arylpyrroles with 1,2-diaxes, and C–C and C–N axes via a remote stereocontrol strategy.

It is challenging to purify and prepare large amount of methacrylated proteins from cells. Here, the authors develop genetic code expansion technology to site-specifically incorporate ε-N-Methacryllysine into proteins and identify the post-translational modification ε-N-methyl-ε-N-methacrylation.

Sexual dimorphism is a feature of many cancers, but how this functions is often unclear. Here the authors show that in bladder cancer it is regulated by a microbiota–lurasidone–LCN2 circuit that controls the accumulation of a subpopulation of senescence-like neutrophils.

It is challenging for wearable obstacle avoidance devices to high reliability, rapid response, long-lasting duration, and comfort. Here, the authors report a wearable obstacle avoidance device, comprising a set of self-developed glasses and a common smartphone.

Pulmonary artery-vein segmentation is essential for disease diagnosis but has not been used with non-contrast CT. Here the authors developed HiPaS, a deep learning method which enables this with no inferiority to CTPA performance and a large-scale anatomical study using HiPaS reveals pulmonary vessel differences associated with sex, age, and disease.

Presenilin isoforms (PS1 and PS2) containing γ-secretase show contrasting sensitivity to MRK-560. Here, the authors determined cryo-EM structures of PS1/PS2-complexes treated with MRK-560 and identified key residues responsible for the isoform-dependent selectivity.

Liu and colleagues examine how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants evade CD8⁺ T cell epitope recognition.

Spliceosomal snRNP core assembly typically requires chaperones such as the SMN complex. Here, the authors reveal two pathways in budding yeast: a chaperone-mediated pathway involving Brr1 and Lot5, and a direct pathway using stable intermediates, shedding light on chaperone evolution.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in embryonic development, wound healing and cancer. Here the authors develop an electrochemical sensor to detect EMT using E-cadherin antibody-quantum dot conjugates and a carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle-modified electrode as a detection platform.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

This study explores N–heterocyclic carbene copper complexes toward selective electrocatalytic reduction of acetylene to ethylene. The electron–rich copper sites were found to facilitate acetylene adsorption and ethylene desorption and achieved high activity and selectivity for ethylene production.

The integrated process of mechanochemical fractionation-assisted and solar-driven electrochemical reforming, followed by biological funnelling, enables the efficient upcycling of sewage sludge. This process not only co-produces valuable single-cell protein and green hydrogen but also effectively removes heavy metal contaminants.

TP63 is a master regulator transcription factor in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Here the authors report that TP63 suppresses IFNγ signaling in SCC tumors and that its inhibition is associated with enhanced anti-tumor immunity and response to anti-PD1.

The mechanisms underlying the nonclassical growth of penta-twinned gold nanocrystals remain unclear. Here, the authors elucidate the atomic-level processes that drive size-dependent and twin configuration-related aggregation phenomena.

This study introduces a ChickenGTEx atlas of regulatory variants across 28 tissues and illustrates its utility in deciphering association signals for 39 complex traits in chickens.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

Enantioenriched α-aryl propionic acids are an important class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Here the authors use a visible-light-promoted photoredox/nickel catalyzed method to form such compunds via a three-component alkyl arylation of acrylates.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

The performance and stability of flexible perovskite solar cells are limited by the fragile grain boundaries in perovskite films. Here, authors achieve in-situ bifacial capping to flatten the grain boundary grooves and demonstrate stable flexible inverted devices with maximum efficiency of 23.7%.

The authors develop a deep learning framework for 3D ligand pharmacophore mapping, enabling binding pose prediction, lead discovery, and target fishing. Using this approach, they identify structurally different inhibitors for human glutaminyl cyclases.

By constructing a graph-based grapevine pangenome reference (Grapepan v.1.0) and incorporating structural variations and phenotypic maps, the study investigates the genetic basis of agronomic traits, empowering grapevine genomic breeding.

Multi-component reactions allow complex structures to be rapidly built from simple starting materials. Here, the authors report an enantioselective three-component coupling of imines, enamines and aryldiazoacetates catalysed by a phosphinic acid and palladium(II).

An avian influenza H7N9 virus causes severe human disease, including acute and often lethal respiratory failure. Here, the authors report that plasma levels of angiotensin II, a regulatory peptide of the renin–angiotensin system, are associated with disease severity and fatal outcome in infected patients.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.