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Maintaining proper reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is critical for cellular and individual health, yet its dynamic nature encumbers monitoring and assessment. Here the authors propose a platform using mass cytometry-based detection, termed SN-ROP, to identify distinct ROS profiles associated with specific immune cell functions and disease states.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Preliminary results from an investigator-initiated clinical trial showed that an AAV-OTOF gene therapy was safe and led to hearing improvements in ten patients with congenital deafness with 6–12 months of follow-up, including in a teenager and a young adult, expanding the age range from previous trials.

Electrocatalytic methods that enable asymmetric reductive coupling of two π-components with regio-, stereo-, and enantioselectivity control are underexplored. Here, the authors report a regio- and enantioselective cobaltaelectro-catalyzed alkyne-aldehyde coupling reaction, in which protons and electrons serve as the hydrogen source and reductant, respectively.

A cost-effective all-in-one halide cathode material with high energy density and exceptional cycling stability can be used to achieve energy-dense, durable cathodes for the next generation of all-solid-state batteries.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Neural circuit mechanisms underlying feeding behavior regulation are not fully understood. Here authors provide quantitative mapping of the brain-wide input and output configuration of tuberal nucleus somatostatin neurons, a key player of feeding regulation, in mouse brain for a deeper understanding of the feeding regulation network.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

Single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing of gallbladder adenocarcinomas from 75 patients stratifies the disease into groups with distinct clinical outcomes.

The methyltransferase OsPRMT6b is found to act as an ABA responsive factor to finely turn down ABA signaling via methylation of ABA receptor, thus facilitating growth recovery as high-temperature stress subsides.

Here the authors show that viral infections facilitate accumulation of cellular iron by degradation of iron exporter ferroportin (FPN1), and that high intracellular iron suppresses type I IFN responses and autophagy by promoting TBK1 hydroxylation and STING carbonylation.

The authors make local heterogeneous dipolar structures in PbHfO3-based antiferroelectric ceramics, which exhibit a recoverable energy density of 20.04 J cm⁻³ accompany with an efficiency of 90.5%.

The retention of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the mesangium leads to pathogenesis in IgA nephropathy. Here the authors report that Gd-IgA1 is internalized by mesangial cells potentially via transferrin receptor 1, forming aggregates that disrupt lysosomal function and elicit inflammation.

Hypercompact type V CRISPR-Cas12n nucleases target DNA sequences containing rare A-rich PAMs. Here, authors reveal the cryo-EM structure of RdCas12n, detailing its RNA-guided DNA targeting and evolutionary origins, and engineer it for effective genome editing in human cells.

The authors propose a strategy of embedding ultra-weak polar regions in the strong polar fluctuation matrix in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based lead-free ceramics to achieve substantial enhancements of energy storage properties.

The mechanisms underlying differential chemotherapeutic response to 5-fluorouracil are not fully known. Here, the authors show that ABDH5 regulates sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer by regulating lysosome function.

Legionella effector LnaB, a recently identified actin-activated AMPylase, mediates phosphoryl-AMPylation in a yet-unknown manner. Here the authors unveil a two-step catalytic process involving dual ATPase–AMPylase activity based on structural studies, providing a biochemical basis for AMPylation.

Electroreduction of low-concentration NO₃⁻ to NH₃ is limited by NO₃⁻ mass transfer. Here, the authors propose a strategy for NO₃ ⁻ enrichment through charge rearrangement within the inner Helmholtz plane, achieving near-unity conversion of NO₃⁻ to NH₃.

Marine mercury, from atmospheric Hg0 /HgII deposition, threatens ecosystems. Isotope studies proposed 1:1 HgII/Hg0 ratios but ignored spatial variability. Here, a 3D isotope model reveals HgII deposition exceed Hg0 by >2:1, revising mercury budgets.

Understanding past warming events is essential to project the consequences of anthropogenic carbon emissions. Here, carbon and hydrological cycle changes of the Carnian Pluvial Episode are revealed, offering insights into Earth System functioning.

This study reports the design of heterogated nanoprobes for interval-based pH imaging in biological systems, including cellular endocytic organelles and tumours. The modular design allows for fine-tuning of pH transition point and fluorescent emission.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

On-target, off-tumour toxicity is a major concern in immunotherapy. Here, aided by computer docking analysis, the authors introduce a single oxygen atom into the TLR7/8 agonist R848, generating a radiotherapy-activatable prodrug agonist that in mice helps mitigate systemic toxicity while triggering effective anti-tumor immunity responses upon radiation.

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

Piezoelectric materials for bone repair usually require scaffold filling and external stimulation. Here, the authors present a self-reinforced chip that can spontaneously generate piezoelectric effect under physiological vibrations to achieve scaffold-free repair of critical-sized bone defects

Ultrafast electron sources are essential for time-resolved electron microscopy techniques, but they usually suffer from limited stability and short lifetimes. Here, the authors report the fabrication of ultrafast hot-electron sources consisting of graphene films integrated on a single-mode optical fibre, showing enhanced stability and longevity.

Cao et al. report an A-site co-doping strategy by substituting Cs+ cation by alkali metals for perovskite quantum wires embedded in nanoporous alumina template, stabilising the crystal structure and enabling high-colour purity LEDs spanning from blue to green spectral region.

A temperature-controlled vacuum quenching method enables the fabrication of perovskite solar modules with a power conversion efficiency of 22.69% and an area of 11.7 cm², while the corresponding cells maintain over 93% of their initial efficiency after 3,500 h of operation.

In a reverse-translational study followed by a clinical trial, the targeting of antigen-presenting mast cells was identified as a therapeutic approach to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who experienced clinical benefit when treated with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn.

Here, the authors report a transfer printing method of wafer-scale dielectric layers and metallic electrodes pre-deposited on mica substrates without the need of sacrifice buffer layers, enabling the fabrication of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and encapsulated devices based on air-sensitive black phosphorus with one-month stability.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) usually metastasizes to the lungs. Here, the authors discover that SWI/SNF ATPase subunit SMARCA4 silencing of HLF regulates ccRCC lung metastasis by modulating the integration of collagen's mechanical cues with the actin cytoskeleton through leupaxin.

Cellular exhaustion can limit the ability of immune cells to control tumors. Here the authors show that expression of the transcription factor Irf4 marks NK cell percursors that will go on to become exhausted mature NK cells and identify targets to interfere with this trajectory to enhance control over melanoma metastasis.

Targeting CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion is a strategy to enhance immune checkpoint inhibition and to fight cancer. Here the authors show a NRF2-dependent role for the prostaglandin I₂ receptor PTGIR in controlling T cell exhaustion.

Treating rheumatoid arthritis remains challenging as the pathological development involves multiple cells. Here, the authors develop an engineered microalgae to combat rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing osteoclasts for bone remodeling, and inhibiting macrophages for restoring immune homeostasis.

The authors demonstrate standing ceramic circuit boards (S-CCBs) with high-resolution and high aspect-ratio fabricated via sacrificial coating-assisted micro-3D printing, which have both high-density integration and large current-carrying capacity

As a major source of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria face a challenge to maintain their redox state. Here the authors show that ROMO1 overexpression prevents deleterious oxidation of the mitochondrial cysteinome and exerts beneficial effects on mitochondrial function.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Graphene is known to exhibit a magnetoresistance, however, in pristine graphene, the magnetoresistance is highly temperature sensitive. Here, by combining graphene with Fe3GeTe2, Huang et al find a strongly enhanced magnetoresistance that is temperature insensitive.

Targeted deletion of integrin-associated protein CD47 enhances long-term engraftment of human CD34⁺ cells in immunodeficient pigs lacking IL2RG and RAG2, enabling large-scale production of functional human immune cells.

Sun, Fu, Zheng, Hong, Liu et al. generate a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the primate cochlear aging, identifying an age-related decline in Slc35f1 and showing that silencing Slc35f1 in mice induces hair cell degeneration and auditory deficits.

The powdery mildew resistance of the MLIW170/PM26 locus, which originated from wild emmer wheat, is determined by a genetically linked atypical NLR gene pair, TdCNL1 and TdCNL5, with TdCNL1 encoding an atypical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein integrating a potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchanger ___domain.