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Raised serum urate levels are a risk factor for gout, a common form of inflammatory arthritis. Here Li et al.conduct a multistage genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese population and identify three novel loci likely associated with the progression from hyperuricemia to gout.

Limited improvement of systemic therapy has been achieved in first line treatment for advanced Biliary tract cancer (BTC). In this randomized phase 2 trial on BTC, the combination of sintilimab, anlotinib, and gemcitabine/cisplatin demonstrated an improvement in progression - free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) while reducing the risk of disease progression compared to chemotherapy monotherapy.

Min Deng, Kai Wang and colleagues report genome-wide association analyses of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Han Chinese population. They identify two new risk loci at 1q32 and 22p11.

Lan et al. demonstrate the high performance of plasma p-tau217 in detecting and tracking multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, outperforming other plasma tau biomarkers across two Chinese cohorts (GHABS and Huashan) and the North American ADNI cohort.

Multimodal Large Language Models are energy intensive and computationally demanding. Here, the authors developed a series of lightweight Multimodal Large Language Models deployable on edge devices.

The authors propose a design that equips a programmable metasurface with integrated capability for sensing and manipulating electromagnetic waves, allowing it to leverage the environmental information to enhance wireless system performance in complex environments.

A rare variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 is associated with larger rice grains. OsBZR5 is found to negatively regulate grain size in rice, a biological role opposite to other OsBZR members. A regulatory module of OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 is further revealed.

Xue-Jun Zhang, Zhi-Rong Yao and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for atopic dermatitis in the Chinese Han population. They identified two new susceptibility loci at 5q22 and 20q13.

Hongbing Shen and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for lung cancer in individuals of Han Chinese ancestry. The authors identify two new lung cancer susceptibility loci.

Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production faces challenges in creating robust anodes that resist corrosion. Here, the authors report a PW₁₂-polyoxometalate-modified CoFe hydroxide anode that achieves selective and durable seawater oxidation over 1300 hours at 1 A cm⁻².

An unconventional machine learning-based inverse design framework enables the generation of ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters with complex 3D architectures and diverse material compositions.

Cao and colleagues show that the RNA-binding E3 ligase MKRN2 selectively inhibits the translation of Il6 messenger RNA in activated macrophages.

This study shows that protein kinase A (PKA) drives bone lesions in fibrous dysplasia and that targeting it in mouse models reduces disease severity, highlighting PKA as a promising therapeutic target for fibrous dysplasia.

The authors enhance ferroelectricity in lead-free (K,Na)NbO3-based films via formation of Mn-atomic layered antiphase boundaries. The boundaries equilibrate interfacial charges and clamp vertical strain, contributing to the high polarization and Curie temperature of ~400 °C.

Xuejun Zhang and colleagues report results of a genome-wide association study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Chinese Han population. Their work identifies nine new SLE susceptibility loci and reveals overlap in the spectrum of risk alleles shared between Chinese Han and European populations.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a ___location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Ancient DNA can reveal evolutionary and demographic history of a region. Here, the authors analyze ancient human DNA from ShanDong, China to reveal two waves of gene flow from Yellow River populations in the DaWenKou (6-4 kBP) and early dynastic (3.5-1.5 kBP) periods.

Han et al. report the design and characterization of a pressure-fused biomineral tablet for the long-acting sustained release of IL-2, promoting antitumor immune responses in preclinical models of melanoma.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Genetic basis of the drought tolerance of upland rice is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of a COBRA-like protein encoding gene DROT1 and reveal that it is repressed by ERF3 and activated by ERF71 to help control the balance between growth and drought tolerance in upland rice.

Spin-waves have a variety of advantages for information processing, and here, Chen, Xu and coauthors demonstrate the deterministic switching of antiferromagnetic spin textures using non-linear spin-waves. The switching process is progressive, mirroring weighted sum operations in neuromorphic computing.

Here the authors use genetic mutations to alter TCR signal strength and clonal selection of exhausted CD8⁺ T cells. They implicate CARD11 signaling as a sensor of this TCR signal strength and as a regulator of antitumor function in exhausted T cells that might be targeted to enhance cancer immunotherapies.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

A cost-effective all-in-one halide cathode material with high energy density and exceptional cycling stability can be used to achieve energy-dense, durable cathodes for the next generation of all-solid-state batteries.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The first outbreaks of mpox outside Africa in 2022 were caused by clade II but cases of a new clade Ib have been increasing in the Democratic Republic of Congo and neighbouring countries since 2024. Here, the authors describe a case report and public health investigation of the first detected case of mpox clade Ib in China.

The suboptimal interfacial contacts between nickel oxide and self-assembled monolayers in wide bandgap subcells limit the photovoltaic efficiency and stability. Here, authors employ boric acid as an anchoring group for chemisorption, achieving efficiency of 28.5% for two-terminal tandem solar cells.

A pan-cancer analysis of genomic data from matched primary and metastatic tumors from 3,732 patients shows that increased genomic complexity and alterations that facilitate immune evasion are associated with disease progression.

Understanding the dynamic evolution of heterogeneous catalysts is crucial yet challenging. This work uncovers the transformation of amorphous PtIn clusters into ultrafine Pt₃In intermetallics, driven by propylene during propane dehydrogenation, highlighting the pivotal role of product-induced changes in revealing the true active sites.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Targeted deletion of integrin-associated protein CD47 enhances long-term engraftment of human CD34⁺ cells in immunodeficient pigs lacking IL2RG and RAG2, enabling large-scale production of functional human immune cells.