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Fungal diversity is critical for ecosystem functioning, yet its role in mediating the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality remains unclear. This study finds that fungal diversity can buffer reductions in ecosystem multifunctionality associated with low plant diversity.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Lithium sulfides have been previously investigated as 1 V anodes for Li-ion batteries, but suffered from significant performance issues. Here, the authors report on a 1 V lithium sulfide electrode with noteworthy performance, demonstrating that sulfide-based electrodes may merit further exploration.

Here the authors use genetic mutations to alter TCR signal strength and clonal selection of exhausted CD8⁺ T cells. They implicate CARD11 signaling as a sensor of this TCR signal strength and as a regulator of antitumor function in exhausted T cells that might be targeted to enhance cancer immunotherapies.

The collapse of tropical forests during the Permian–Triassic Mass Extinction weakened carbon sequestration, sustaining high CO2 and extreme global warmth for millions of years: an example of a runaway feedback in Earth’s climate-carbon system.

Mixed-dimensional 1D-2D heterostructures hold promise for catalytic and optoelectronic applications, but the control of their electronic band structure remains challenging. Here, the authors report the fabrication of 1D-graphene nanoribbon/2D-CuSe heterojunctions with tunable band alignment by varying the geometry and phase of the materials.

Present Li-ion batteries for portable electronics are based on inorganic electrodes made through non-ecological processes. Sustainable conjugated dicarboxylate organic salt anodes showing advantageous reversible capacities and thermal stability are now reported.

Ferromagnetic systems produced by the transition metal doping of semiconductors may be used as components of spintronic devices. Here, a new ferromagnet, Li_1+y(Zn_1-xMn_x)As, is prepared in bulk quantities and shown to have a critical temperature approaching 50 K.

R2 retrotransposons are natural RNA guided gene insertion systems. Here, Edmonds et al. characterize the structure and biochemistry of an avian R2 and engineer a compact, all-RNA system to integrate DNA in mammalian cells, aiding the development of future retrotransposon-based gene editors.

Hybrid quantum systems offer increased functionality, however, they require strong coupling between components. Here, Shen and coauthors achieve strong coupling between polaritons, formed by strongly coupled magnons and photons, and phonons, paving the way for polaromechanical hybrid systems.

Macrophage-augmented organoids integrate macrophages into organoids that are cultured from human liver tissue for analysis of immune responses during three different viral infections.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis of stricturing Crohn’s disease highlights cellular heterogeneity in fibrotic tissue and identifies neighborhoods of fibroblasts and immune cells contributing to this severe disease complication.

Using viral barcode tracing to detect interactions between glioblastoma cells and non-malignant astrocytes in patient samples, investigators discovered a pathway that reduces tumour-specific immunity and identified potential therapeutic targets.

Seo et al. present an approach to regulate the formation and optoelectronic quality of the SnO₂ electrodes, improving electroluminescence and efficiency in perovskite solar cells.

NiFe-based hydroxides are well-known for alkaline water oxidation but face efficiency issues due to unclear Fe dynamics. Here, the authors report that surface Fe dynamics are affected by Fe diffusion on the counter electrode and have developed a zinc-templated precursor to stabilize active Fe sites.

Kagome antiferromagnets have been extensively studied as potential hosts of quantum spin liquids. However, example materials have been largely limited to Cu-based systems. Here, Thennakoon et al. establish, via a combination of specific heat, magnetization and neutron scattering measurements, a Ti-based quantum Kagome antiferromagnet, Cs₈RbK₃Ti₁₂F₄₈, as a strong candidate for hosting quantum spin liquid.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

A microfluidic-based system enables fast screening of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through analysis of specific T-cell responses.

Cellular exhaustion can limit the ability of immune cells to control tumors. Here the authors show that expression of the transcription factor Irf4 marks NK cell percursors that will go on to become exhausted mature NK cells and identify targets to interfere with this trajectory to enhance control over melanoma metastasis.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Hu et al. discovered that the truncated form of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), called p95HER2, drives tumor progression and resistance to the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2⁺ breast cancer. Blocking p95HER2 restores antitumor immunity.

In this work, authors show that O-redox in 4d and 5d transition metal oxides involves the formation of molecular oxygen trapped in the particles. These results are in accord with observations in 3d oxides and show that the greater covalency of the 4d and 5d oxides does not stabilise peroxo-like species.

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) phosphorylates CD98HC to promote neutral amino acid antiporter trafficking. Here the authors show that ATM loss impairs glutamate, cystine, and arginine transport, driving metabolic stress and ataxia telangiectasia–like phenotypes.

How Meckel-Gruber syndrome protein TMEM67 functions in ciliogenesis and Wnt signaling simultaneously is unknown. Here the authors show that TMEM67 is proteolytically cleaved by the matrix metalloproteinase ADAMTS9 generating two functional isoforms.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

The study of isotopes away from the beta stability valley is crucial for the understanding of nuclear structure, especially for neutron-deficient heavy nuclei. Here, the authors report the observation of the alpha-decay isotope 210-protactinium (Pa), extending the alpha-decay systematics of underexplored regions of the nuclides chart.

Sarcomas are a group of mesenchymal malignancies which are molecularly heterogeneous. Here, the authors develop an in vivo muscle electroporation system for gene delivery to generate distinct subtypes of orthotopic genetically engineered mouse models of sarcoma, as well as syngeneic allograft models with scalability for preclinical assessment of therapeutics.

Owing to electron localization, two-dimensional materials are not expected to be metallic at low temperatures, but a field-induced quantum metal phase emerges in NbSe₂, whose behaviour is consistent with the Bose-metal model.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

A modular anti-albumin nanobody conjugated to a STING agonist enhances antitumour immunity by improving pharmacokinetics, tumour accumulation and immune responses, inhibiting murine tumour growth and enhancing cancer immunotherapies.

The authors conduct a national inventory on individual tree carbon stocks in Rwanda using aerial imagery and deep learning. Most mapped trees are located in farmlands; new methods allow partitioning to any landscape categories, effective planning and optimization of carbon sequestration and the economic benefits of trees.

Integrated optical frequency combs are powerful tools for optical spectroscopy. Here, authors demonstrate low-power, detectable-rate soliton microcombs from telecom to visible bands, including wavelength-multiplexed operation, using ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides.

Genomic analyses of DNA from modern individuals show that, about 800 years ago, pre-European contact occurred between Polynesian individuals and Native American individuals from near present-day Colombia, while remote Pacific islands were still being settled.

The role of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (MIRI) largely remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Myocardial Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein promotes MIRI suggesting MAVS protein as potential therapeutic target.

In the primary report of a phase 1b trial, adeno-associated virus gene therapy with fordadistrogene movaparvovec in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was well tolerated in an ambulatory cohort, and mini-dystrophin expression was increased in the high-dose cohort.

Here the authors show that loss of TANGO2, a gene linked to an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by developmental delay, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias and metabolic disturbances, disrupts mitochondrial and cytoskeletal structure by impairing its interaction with CRYAB, leading to desmin aggregation and desminopathy, causing cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and metabolic dysfunction in mice and human cells.

This study uncovered genetic associations with environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits in an international collaboration using data from more than 21,000 monozygotic twins—the largest genetic study of monozygotic twin differences to date.

KDM4C regulates cathepsin L-mediated histone H3 N-terminal tail clipping through grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) methylation in breast cancer. This link between the cellular redox state and chromatin remodeling might represent a therapeutic target in KDM4C-amplified tumors.

Liu et al. developed a platform to identify transcription factors (TFs) that turn stem cells into desired cell types. They discovered six key TFs that produce microglia efficiently, enhancing cell differentiation methods.

It is generally more difficult to modify the buried interfaces compared to top interfaces in tin-lead perovskite subcells. Here, the authors employ a mercapto-functionalized mesoporous silica layer as a superstructure, realizing maximum efficiency of 29.6% for double-junction tandem solar cells.

Metabolic enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, such as 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, are differentially expressed in absorptive and secretory lineages, guiding cell fate establishment and offering insights for targeted regenerative therapies.

When senescent cells accumulate during adulthood they negatively influence lifespan and promote age-dependent changes in several organs; clearance of these cells delayed tumorigenesis in mice and attenuated age-related deterioration of several organs without overt side effects, suggesting that the therapeutic removal of senescent cells may be able to extend healthy lifespan.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

The authors find cholinergic neurons regulate glymphatic waste clearance via neurovascular mechanisms, with their loss impairing this process. This finding suggests targets for diagnostics and treatment.