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The storage of solar wind-derived water of impact glass beads exhibits a dichotomy distribution in the lunar soils.

This work introduces a reaction system that enables the in situ conversion of H₂O₂ generated by 2e⁻ ORR at the self-cleaning electrode surface into alkaline-earth metal peroxides. The solid oxidizer CaO₂ exhibits comparable efficiency to H₂O₂ for tetracycline degradation.

A stereotaxic atlas of the whole mouse brain, based on a Nissl-stained cytoarchitecture dataset with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography, promises to be a versatile brainsmatics tool for studying the whole brain at single-cell level.

The authors analyze white matter alterations in bipolar II depression, revealing significant correlations with inflammation and psychiatric symptoms. These findings suggest that childhood emotional maltreatment may exacerbate these effects and offer insights into potential therapeutic targets.

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) phosphorylates CD98HC to promote neutral amino acid antiporter trafficking. Here the authors show that ATM loss impairs glutamate, cystine, and arginine transport, driving metabolic stress and ataxia telangiectasia–like phenotypes.

2D high-κ dielectric materials remain highly sought-after for the future development of 2D electronics. Here, the authors report a 2D edge-seeded heteroepitaxial growth strategy to synthesize CaNb₂O₆ thin films with equivalent oxide thickness down to 0.7 nm and show their application for high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors.

In this work, authors show that deletion of FprB enhances the antibacterial activity of gallium against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing a combination strategy and demonstrating the utility of CRISPRi-seq for therapeutic target discovery.

An aromatic metallo-annulene, comprising a 15-carbon macrocycle enclosing an osmium complex, with the metal residing within the plane of the macrocycle is reported.

Cohort-scale integration of clinical and proteomic data from tumor tissues in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma led to the identification of a prognostic risk model for patient stratification as well as biomarkers of response to adjuvant chemotherapy, validated in independent external cohorts.

Gain-of-function mutations in CTNNB1 (encoding for b-catenin) leading to deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling are frequently observed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here the authors show that inhibiting b-catenin with lipid nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA targeting CTNNB1 impairs tumor growth and promotes anti-tumor immunity in preclinical HCC models.

Structural and biochemical studies of the monkeypox virus core protease show that it exists as an active homodimer and indicate that the substrate-binding sites of core proteases are a promising target for antiviral drugs.

Topological photonic structures enable robust light transport but face coupling challenges. The authors demonstrate transverse spin matching governs the coupling between the topological waveguide and waveguide, achieving 96.3% theoretical and 94.2% experimental transmission efficiencies.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

APOL9a/b proteins coat mouse intestinal bacteria with high specificity, and genetic abolition of ceramide-1-phosphate synthesis pathways in the symbiote Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron significantly decreases this binding of APOL9a/b to the bacterium.

Cerebral asymmetry, crucial for cognitive functions, often changes in neuropsychiatric disorders. This study maps structural brain asymmetry in 11,000 children aged 10–14 years, identifying age-related patterns linked to genetics, environment, cognition, and psychiatric risks.

Microsatellite-instability-high gastric cancers typically respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, but only a small proportion of patients in the microsatellite-stable group responds. Here authors stratify these patients via a semi-supervised learning approach using multi-omics input data and functionally validate T-bet+ CD8 + T cells as crucial factor in the immunotherapy response.

Designing efficient redox mediators for solar-to-fuel conversion is a challenge, requiring multi-electron transfer, suitable redox potential, and stable pH buffering. Here, the authors report polyoxometalate-based mediators with defect engineering, enabling reliable solar-to-fuel conversion.

China is planning to launch its Tianwen-3 mission, with the purpose of bringing back a sample from Mars, by the end of the decade. This Perspective presents the scientific objectives and architecture of Tianwen-3, including a preliminary selection of landing sites and a description of the Mars Sample Laboratory that will curate the material on Earth.

There are more than 2,100 known plant virus species. This work presents full-length three-dimensional structures of a plant virus’s replication machinery, providing insights into its activation and inhibition.

By suppressing compositional heterogeneities in cadmium-free quantum dots, environmentally friendly pure-blue-light-emitting diodes with enhanced efficiencies, lifetimes and spectral purity are achieved, rivalling state-of-the-art cadmium-based blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes.

The generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is an critical part of host defense against microbial infection. Here, Jia et al, characterize the mechanisms by which reactive nitrogen species can modulate innate immunity.

The role of the tumor microenvironment in immunotherapy response in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear. Here, single cell RNA and TCR sequencing of samples before and after immunotherapy highlights the role of CD8 T-cell status conversion and exhaustion induced by Macro CD5L+ in treatment response.

Viral coat proteins are perceived by the RING1–IBR–RING2-type ubiquitin ligase, initiating the first step of the natural antiviral response in rice.

Investigating cell heterogeneity and type-specific response is essential for improving crop resilience. Here, authors generate single-cell transcriptional landscape of maize roots in response to heat stress and reveal the relationship between the cortex and the heat tolerance.

Porphyry Cu (Mo, Au) deposits derive their exceptionally large metal tonnages from magmatic fluids. Samples from Sanjiang, China, reveal the depth of fluid exsolution from these source magmas and how the fluids were focused to the site of ore formation

Renal cell carcinoma consists of several subtypes, and recurrence is highly dependent on subtype. Here, the authors develop a multi-classifier using imaging, lncRNA and clinical data to predict recurrence in papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Closed pores govern sodium-ion storage performance of hard carbon negative electrodes. Here, authors link pore mouth size evolution of the closed pores to the solvation structure and propose design principles for optimizing both closed pores and intrinsic defects.

Apiosides are plant bioactive natural products containing apiose, but the details of the key apiosylation reaction in their biosynthesis are missing. Here, the authors identify the apiosyltransferase GuApiGT that could efficiently catalyze 2″-O-apiosylation of flavonoid glycosides, solve its crystal structure and obtain mutants with altered sugar selectivity.

An electrocatalyst mediator system in which CoO_x-cluster-decorated IrO₂ activates the NO₃^- mediator into a reactive radical that abstracts a hydrogen atom from benzylic C-H is presented. This approach enables the electrochemical conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde with high Faradaic efficiency.

The authors report an Initial Upper Palaeolithic archaeological assemblage from China dating to 45,000 years ago that includes blade technology, tanged and hafted projectile points, long-distance obsidian transfer and the use of a perforated graphite disc.

A reanalysis of the Voyager 2 flyby of Uranus shows that it occurred during an extreme compression of the planet’s magnetosphere by the upstream solar wind. This would have had significant effects on the measurements made during the flyby.

Here, the authors perform a pan-genome-based genome-wide meta-analysis of six independent GWAS experiments in rice, demonstrating the potential of this approach to increase understanding of the genetic basis of, and genes underlying key rice traits.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) show promise for facilitating cancer risk stratification. Here, the authors performed a large genome-wide association study and develop a PRS for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which could improve risk stratification and personalized screening.